Educational worksheet on genetics and inheritance, including questions and a diagram of fruit fly phenotypes.

1. A cell that has pairs of chromosomes is called a diploid cell.
2. A cell that has only one set of chromosomes is called a haploid cell.
3. The process of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and egg cells) is called meiosis.
4. A sperm cell and an egg cell combine during fertilization to form a zygote.
5. The number of chromosomes in human body cells is 46.
6. The number of chromosomes in human gametes is 23.
7. Meiosis results in four genetically unique haploid cells.
8. Mitosis results in two genetically identical diploid cells.
9. Crossing over occurs during Prophase I of meiosis.
10. The phase where homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell is Metaphase I.
11. The phase where sister chromatids separate is Anaphase II.
12. The phase where the nuclear envelope breaks down and chromosomes condense is Prophase I.
13. The phase where the cell divides into two daughter cells is Telophase I.
14. The phase where the chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles is Anaphase I.
15. The phase where the chromosomes are duplicated is Interphase.

Labeled Phases:
- Prophase I: Top row, first cell
- Metaphase I: Top row, second cell
- Anaphase I: Top row, third cell
- Telophase I: Top row, fourth cell
- Prophase II: Bottom row, first cell
- Metaphase II: Bottom row, second cell
- Anaphase II: Bottom row, third cell
- Telophase II: Bottom row, fourth cell