This biology worksheet helps students practice identifying genotypes and determining phenotypes based on Mendel's laws of inheritance.

Worksheet: Mendel and Genetic Crosses

#### Biology: Chapter 6

#### Directions:
Answer the following questions using your notes and textbook (pages 166-197).

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Problem 1: Identify whether each genotype is heterozygous (He) or homozygous (Ho)

Key Concepts:
- Homozygous (Ho): Both alleles are the same (e.g., AA, aa).
- Heterozygous (He): The alleles are different (e.g., Aa).

#### Genotypes:
1. AA: Ho (homozygous dominant)
2. Ee: He (heterozygous)
3. ll: Ho (homozygous recessive)
4. Mm: He (heterozygous)
5. Bb: He (heterozygous)
6. ff: Ho (homozygous recessive)
7. Jj: He (heterozygous)
8. nn: Ho (homozygous recessive)
9. Cc: He (heterozygous)
10. Gg: He (heterozygous)
11. kk: Ho (homozygous recessive)
12. oo: Ho (homozygous recessive)
13. DD: Ho (homozygous dominant)
14. HH: Ho (homozygous dominant)
15. LL: Ho (homozygous dominant)
16. Pp: He (heterozygous)

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Problem 2: Determine the possible phenotypes for each genotype

#### Key Concepts:
- Dominant trait: Represented by a capital letter (e.g., P for purple flowers).
- Recessive trait: Represented by a lowercase letter (e.g., p for white flowers).

#### Phenotypes:

1. Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers (P = purple, p = white):
- PP: Purple (homozygous dominant)
- Pp: Purple (heterozygous, dominant trait expressed)
- pp: White (homozygous recessive)

2. Bobtails in cats are recessive (T = normal tail, t = bobtail):
- TT: Normal tail (homozygous dominant)
- Tt: Normal tail (heterozygous, dominant trait expressed)
- tt: Bobtail (homozygous recessive)

3. Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes (B = brown, b = blue):
- BB: Brown (homozygous dominant)
- Bb: Brown (heterozygous, dominant trait expressed)
- bb: Blue (homozygous recessive)

4. Round seeds are dominant to wrinkled seeds (R = round, r = wrinkled):
- RR: Round (homozygous dominant)
- Rr: Round (heterozygous, dominant trait expressed)
- rr: Wrinkled (homozygous recessive)

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Problem 3: List the genotypes for each phenotype

#### Key Concepts:
- For a dominant trait, the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous.
- For a recessive trait, the genotype must be homozygous recessive.

#### Genotypes:

1. Straight hair is dominant to curly (S = straight, s = curly):
- Straight: SS, Ss
- Curly: ss

2. Pointed heads are dominant to round heads (P = pointed, p = round):
- Pointed: PP, Pp
- Round: pp

3. Long tails are dominant over short tails (L = long, l = short):
- Long tail: LL, Ll
- Short tail: ll

4. Long hair is dominant over short hair (H = long, h = short):
- Long hair: HH, Hh
- Short hair: hh

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Final Answers:

#### Problem 1:
1. AA: Ho
2. Ee: He
3. ll: Ho
4. Mm: He
5. Bb: He
6. ff: Ho
7. Jj: He
8. nn: Ho
9. Cc: He
10. Gg: He
11. kk: Ho
12. oo: Ho
13. DD: Ho
14. HH: Ho
15. LL: Ho
16. Pp: He

#### Problem 2:
1. Purple flowers:
- PP: Purple
- Pp: Purple
- pp: White
2. Bobtails in cats:
- TT: Normal tail
- Tt: Normal tail
- tt: Bobtail
3. Brown eyes:
- BB: Brown
- Bb: Brown
- bb: Blue
4. Round seeds:
- RR: Round
- Rr: Round
- rr: Wrinkled

#### Problem 3:
1. Straight hair:
- SS, Ss
2. Curly hair:
- ss
3. Pointed heads:
- PP, Pp
4. Round heads:
- pp
5. Long tails:
- LL, Ll
6. Short tails:
- ll
7. Long hair:
- HH, Hh
8. Short hair:
- hh

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Boxed Final Answer:

\[
\boxed{
\text{See detailed solutions above.}
}
\]