Mitosis and Meiosis Summary Chart
Diagram illustrating the process of mitosis and meiosis, showing stages including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, with comparisons between mitosis in males (sperm production) and meiosis in females (egg production), resulting in daughter cells and polar bodies.
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Step-by-step solution for: mitosis meiosis worksheet
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Show Answer Key & Explanations
Step-by-step solution for: mitosis meiosis worksheet
Here are the answers to the questions on your worksheet. Since I cannot draw on the back of the page for you, I have described exactly what you should draw for those specific questions.
1. Describe the purpose of mitosis:
The purpose is growth and repair. It allows multicellular organisms to grow bigger and replace damaged or dead cells. It creates exact copies of cells.
2. How many times does the cell divide during mitosis?
One time.
3. What kind of cells are produced at the end of mitosis?
Somatic cells (body cells). They are diploid (2n), meaning they have a full set of chromosomes identical to the parent cell.
4. What are sister chromatids?
They are two identical copies of a single chromosome that are connected by a centromere. They form after DNA replication.
5. Briefly describe what happens during prophase:
The chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes. The nuclear membrane breaks down, and spindle fibers begin to form.
6. Draw and label picture of what a cell looks like during prophase:
*Draw an oval shape (the cell).* Inside, draw X-shapes scattered around (these are the chromosomes). At opposite ends of the cell, draw small T-shapes or stars (centrioles) with lines radiating out from them (spindle fibers). Do not draw a circle in the middle (the nucleus is gone).
7. Briefly describe what happens during metaphase:
The chromosomes line up perfectly in the middle (equator) of the cell. Spindle fibers attach to the center of each chromosome.
8. Draw and label a picture of what a cell looks like during metaphase:
*Draw an oval.* Draw all the X-shaped chromosomes lined up in a straight vertical line down the very center of the cell. Draw lines (spindle fibers) connecting the ends of the cell to the center of each X.
9. Briefly describe what happens during anaphase:
The sister chromatids separate and are pulled apart toward opposite ends (poles) of the cell. They look like V-shapes as they move.
10. Draw and label a picture of what a cell looks like during anaphase:
*Draw an oval that is starting to stretch out longer.* Draw two groups of V-shapes. One group is moving to the left side, and the other group is moving to the right side. The points of the Vs face outward toward the edges of the cell.
11. Briefly describe what happens during telophase:
Two new nuclei form around the separated chromosomes at each end. The chromosomes uncoil back into chromatin. The spindle fibers disappear.
12. Draw and label a picture of what a cell looks like during telophase:
*Draw a peanut shape (a cell pinching in the middle).* On the left side, draw a cluster of squiggly lines inside a new circle (nucleus). On the right side, do the same.
13. Is cytokinesis part of mitosis?
Technically, no. Mitosis is the division of the *nucleus*. Cytokinesis is the division of the *cytoplasm* (the rest of the cell). However, they usually happen together.
14. Briefly describe what happens during cytokinesis:
The cytoplasm divides. In animal cells, a cleavage furrow pinches the cell in half. In plant cells, a cell plate forms to divide the cell. Two separate daughter cells are created.
15. Draw a picture of what a cell looks like during cytokinesis:
*Draw two smaller circles touching each other or slightly separated.* Each circle should have its own nucleus inside. This represents the two new, separate cells.
16. Describe the purpose of meiosis:
To produce sex cells (gametes like sperm and eggs) for sexual reproduction. It reduces the number of chromosomes by half so that when fertilization happens, the baby has the correct number.
17. How many times does the cell divide during Meiosis?
Two times (Meiosis I and Meiosis II).
18. What kind of cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
Gametes (sex cells). They are haploid (n), meaning they have only half the number of chromosomes of the original cell.
19. Briefly describe the difference of prophase I & II:
In Prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair up (synapsis) and swap DNA (crossing over). In Prophase II, there is no pairing and no crossing over; it looks just like regular mitotic prophase.
20. Draw and label a picture of prophase I & II:
*For Prophase I:* Draw X-shapes paired up next to each other (like couples holding hands). These pairs are called tetrads.
*For Prophase II:* Draw single X-shapes scattered in two different small circles (representing the two cells formed after Meiosis I).
21. Briefly describe the difference of metaphase I & II:
In Metaphase I, *pairs* of chromosomes line up in the middle. In Metaphase II, *single* chromosomes line up in the middle (just like in mitosis).
22. Draw and label a picture of metaphase I & II:
*For Metaphase I:* Draw pairs of X-shapes lined up in the center (two columns of X's side-by-side).
*For Metaphase II:* Draw single X-shapes lined up in a single file line down the center (in two separate cells).
23. Briefly describe the difference of anaphase I & II:
In Anaphase I, whole homologous pairs separate (the whole X moves to the side). In Anaphase II, the sister chromatids separate (the X splits in half).
24. Draw and label a picture of anaphase I & II:
*For Anaphase I:* Draw whole X-shapes moving to opposite sides.
*For Anaphase II:* Draw V-shapes (split chromatids) moving to opposite sides (in two separate cells).
25. Briefly describe the difference of telophase I & II:
Telophase I results in two cells that still have duplicated chromosomes (X-shapes). Telophase II results in four cells with single chromosomes (sticks).
26. Draw and label a picture of telophase I & II:
*For Telophase I:* Draw two cells pinching apart. Inside each, there is a cluster of X-shapes.
*For Telophase II:* Draw four smaller cells. Inside each, there is a cluster of single sticks (unduplicated chromosomes).
27. What would happen to cell division if a chemical was put in the cell that did not allow for cell division to occur?
If the nucleus divides but the cell body does not (cytokinesis is blocked), you would get one giant cell with multiple nuclei inside it. If the chromosomes cannot separate properly, the cell might die or become cancerous due to having the wrong number of chromosomes.
1. Describe the purpose of mitosis:
The purpose is growth and repair. It allows multicellular organisms to grow bigger and replace damaged or dead cells. It creates exact copies of cells.
2. How many times does the cell divide during mitosis?
One time.
3. What kind of cells are produced at the end of mitosis?
Somatic cells (body cells). They are diploid (2n), meaning they have a full set of chromosomes identical to the parent cell.
4. What are sister chromatids?
They are two identical copies of a single chromosome that are connected by a centromere. They form after DNA replication.
5. Briefly describe what happens during prophase:
The chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes. The nuclear membrane breaks down, and spindle fibers begin to form.
6. Draw and label picture of what a cell looks like during prophase:
*Draw an oval shape (the cell).* Inside, draw X-shapes scattered around (these are the chromosomes). At opposite ends of the cell, draw small T-shapes or stars (centrioles) with lines radiating out from them (spindle fibers). Do not draw a circle in the middle (the nucleus is gone).
7. Briefly describe what happens during metaphase:
The chromosomes line up perfectly in the middle (equator) of the cell. Spindle fibers attach to the center of each chromosome.
8. Draw and label a picture of what a cell looks like during metaphase:
*Draw an oval.* Draw all the X-shaped chromosomes lined up in a straight vertical line down the very center of the cell. Draw lines (spindle fibers) connecting the ends of the cell to the center of each X.
9. Briefly describe what happens during anaphase:
The sister chromatids separate and are pulled apart toward opposite ends (poles) of the cell. They look like V-shapes as they move.
10. Draw and label a picture of what a cell looks like during anaphase:
*Draw an oval that is starting to stretch out longer.* Draw two groups of V-shapes. One group is moving to the left side, and the other group is moving to the right side. The points of the Vs face outward toward the edges of the cell.
11. Briefly describe what happens during telophase:
Two new nuclei form around the separated chromosomes at each end. The chromosomes uncoil back into chromatin. The spindle fibers disappear.
12. Draw and label a picture of what a cell looks like during telophase:
*Draw a peanut shape (a cell pinching in the middle).* On the left side, draw a cluster of squiggly lines inside a new circle (nucleus). On the right side, do the same.
13. Is cytokinesis part of mitosis?
Technically, no. Mitosis is the division of the *nucleus*. Cytokinesis is the division of the *cytoplasm* (the rest of the cell). However, they usually happen together.
14. Briefly describe what happens during cytokinesis:
The cytoplasm divides. In animal cells, a cleavage furrow pinches the cell in half. In plant cells, a cell plate forms to divide the cell. Two separate daughter cells are created.
15. Draw a picture of what a cell looks like during cytokinesis:
*Draw two smaller circles touching each other or slightly separated.* Each circle should have its own nucleus inside. This represents the two new, separate cells.
16. Describe the purpose of meiosis:
To produce sex cells (gametes like sperm and eggs) for sexual reproduction. It reduces the number of chromosomes by half so that when fertilization happens, the baby has the correct number.
17. How many times does the cell divide during Meiosis?
Two times (Meiosis I and Meiosis II).
18. What kind of cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
Gametes (sex cells). They are haploid (n), meaning they have only half the number of chromosomes of the original cell.
19. Briefly describe the difference of prophase I & II:
In Prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair up (synapsis) and swap DNA (crossing over). In Prophase II, there is no pairing and no crossing over; it looks just like regular mitotic prophase.
20. Draw and label a picture of prophase I & II:
*For Prophase I:* Draw X-shapes paired up next to each other (like couples holding hands). These pairs are called tetrads.
*For Prophase II:* Draw single X-shapes scattered in two different small circles (representing the two cells formed after Meiosis I).
21. Briefly describe the difference of metaphase I & II:
In Metaphase I, *pairs* of chromosomes line up in the middle. In Metaphase II, *single* chromosomes line up in the middle (just like in mitosis).
22. Draw and label a picture of metaphase I & II:
*For Metaphase I:* Draw pairs of X-shapes lined up in the center (two columns of X's side-by-side).
*For Metaphase II:* Draw single X-shapes lined up in a single file line down the center (in two separate cells).
23. Briefly describe the difference of anaphase I & II:
In Anaphase I, whole homologous pairs separate (the whole X moves to the side). In Anaphase II, the sister chromatids separate (the X splits in half).
24. Draw and label a picture of anaphase I & II:
*For Anaphase I:* Draw whole X-shapes moving to opposite sides.
*For Anaphase II:* Draw V-shapes (split chromatids) moving to opposite sides (in two separate cells).
25. Briefly describe the difference of telophase I & II:
Telophase I results in two cells that still have duplicated chromosomes (X-shapes). Telophase II results in four cells with single chromosomes (sticks).
26. Draw and label a picture of telophase I & II:
*For Telophase I:* Draw two cells pinching apart. Inside each, there is a cluster of X-shapes.
*For Telophase II:* Draw four smaller cells. Inside each, there is a cluster of single sticks (unduplicated chromosomes).
27. What would happen to cell division if a chemical was put in the cell that did not allow for cell division to occur?
If the nucleus divides but the cell body does not (cytokinesis is blocked), you would get one giant cell with multiple nuclei inside it. If the chromosomes cannot separate properly, the cell might die or become cancerous due to having the wrong number of chromosomes.
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of mitosis meiosis worksheet.
