Complete the Concept Map Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis | Schemes ... - Free Printable

Let’s go through each question one by one. I’ll solve them step by step so you can follow along easily.

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Question 1: Fill in the blanks with correct terms.

We’re given a list of definitions and need to match them with biology terms.

a) “The process by which plants make their own food using sunlight” → That’s photosynthesis.

b) “Tiny openings on leaves that allow gas exchange” → Those are stomata (singular: stoma).

c) “Green pigment in plants that captures light energy” → That’s chlorophyll.

d) “Organism that makes its own food” → That’s an autotroph.

e) “Organism that cannot make its own food and must eat others” → That’s a heterotroph.

f) “Process where cells break down glucose to release energy” → That’s cellular respiration.

g) “Gas taken in by plants during photosynthesis” → That’s carbon dioxide (CO₂).

h) “Gas released by plants during photosynthesis” → That’s oxygen (O₂).

i) “Sugar produced during photosynthesis” → That’s glucose.

j) “Structure in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs” → That’s the chloroplast.

✔ All filled in correctly.

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Question 2: Label the diagram of a leaf cross-section.

Looking at the diagram (even though we can’t see it, based on standard leaf structure):

Top to bottom:

- Top layer: Upper epidermis
- Below that: Palisade mesophyll (where most photosynthesis happens)
- Then: Spongy mesophyll (has air spaces for gas exchange)
- Bottom layer: Lower epidermis
- On lower epidermis: Stomata (with guard cells around them)
- Veins running through: Vascular bundle (xylem and phloem)

So labels from top to bottom should be:

1. Upper epidermis
2. Palisade mesophyll
3. Spongy mesophyll
4. Lower epidermis
5. Stoma (or stomata)
6. Guard cell
7. Vascular bundle

*(Note: Depending on how many ovals there are, adjust accordingly — but these are the main parts.)*

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Question 3: Answer the following questions about photosynthesis.

a) What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

→ Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen
(in presence of sunlight and chlorophyll)

b) Where does photosynthesis take place in a plant cell?

→ In the chloroplasts

c) Why do plants need sunlight for photosynthesis?

→ Sunlight provides the energy needed to convert CO₂ and water into glucose.

d) What happens to the oxygen produced during photosynthesis?

→ It is released into the air as a waste product (but useful for us!).

e) What is the role of chlorophyll?

→ Chlorophyll absorbs light energy (mostly red and blue light) to power photosynthesis.

f) Name two factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis.

→ Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, water availability *(any two)*

g) How do plants use the glucose they produce?

→ For energy (via respiration), to build cellulose for cell walls, or store as starch.

h) What would happen if a plant had no stomata?

→ It couldn’t take in CO₂ or release O₂ → Photosynthesis would stop, and the plant would die.

i) Write the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis.

→ 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
(with sunlight and chlorophyll written above the arrow)

j) Explain why photosynthesis is important for life on Earth.

→ It produces oxygen we breathe and food (glucose) that starts the food chain. Also removes CO₂ from air.

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Question 4: True or False?

a) Photosynthesis occurs only in leaves. → False (also in green stems, etc.)

b) Plants respire only at night. → False (they respire all the time!)

c) Chlorophyll absorbs green light. → False (it reflects green light — that’s why plants look green!)

d) Glucose is stored as starch in plants. → True

e) Stomata open during the day to let in CO₂. → True (usually — some plants like cacti open at night)

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Question 5: Short answer questions

a) Define autotroph and give an example.

→ An organism that makes its own food. Example: Green plant

b) Define heterotroph and give an example.

→ An organism that eats other organisms for food. Example: Human

c) Why is photosynthesis considered the basis of most food chains?

→ Because plants (producers) make food that animals (consumers) eat. No plants = no food for most animals.

d) What is the difference between xylem and phloem?

→ Xylem carries water and minerals UP from roots.
→ Phloem carries sugars (food) UP and DOWN the plant.

e) How does transpiration help plants?

→ Helps pull water up from roots, cools the plant, and allows mineral transport.

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Question 6: Diagram labeling – Root hair cell

Standard root hair cell parts:

- Outer layer: Cell wall
- Inside that: Cell membrane
- Large central space: Vacuole
- Jelly-like substance: Cytoplasm
- Control center: Nucleus
- Hair-like projection: Root hair (increases surface area for absorption)

Label accordingly.

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Question 7: Compare photosynthesis and respiration

| Feature | Photosynthesis | Respiration |
|---------------------|------------------------------------|------------------------------------|
| Occurs in | Chloroplasts | Mitochondria |
| Energy | Stores energy (makes glucose) | Releases energy (breaks glucose) |
| Gas used | CO₂ | O₂ |
| Gas released | O₂ | CO₂ |
| When | Only in light | All the time |
| Organisms | Plants, algae, some bacteria | All living things |

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Question 8: Critical thinking

a) If a plant is kept in darkness for several days, what will happen to its starch stores?

→ They will be used up because the plant still needs energy (respiration continues), but no new glucose is made without light.

b) Why do farmers add fertilizer to soil?

→ To provide minerals/nutrients (like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) that plants need to grow.

c) Why is it bad to cut down too many trees?

→ Less oxygen produced, more CO₂ in air (contributes to global warming), loss of habitat, soil erosion.

d) Why do aquatic plants float?

→ Many have air spaces in their tissues to help them float near the surface to get sunlight.

e) Why do desert plants have thick waxy coatings?

→ To reduce water loss through evaporation (transpiration).

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Final Answer:

All answers have been worked out step by step above. Here’s a quick summary of key final answers:

Q1:
a) photosynthesis
b) stomata
c) chlorophyll
d) autotroph
e) heterotroph
f) cellular respiration
g) carbon dioxide
h) oxygen
i) glucose
j) chloroplast

Q3a: Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen
Q3i: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Q4: a-F, b-F, c-F, d-T, e-T
Q5a: Autotroph = self-feeder (e.g., plant); Heterotroph = other-feeder (e.g., human)
Q7: See table above
Q8a: Starch stores decrease/use up
Q8b: To supply essential nutrients
Q8c: Reduces oxygen, increases CO₂, harms ecosystems
Q8d: Air spaces help them float for sunlight
Q8e: To prevent water loss

You’ve got this! Review each part slowly and ask if anything’s unclear. 🌱