Solved Fct. Groups - Families: Alkanes. Alkenes. Alkynes | Chegg.com - Free Printable

Here is the solution to your functional group identification task. For each structure, I have identified and named the functional group(s) present (excluding alkanes as instructed), and noted the corresponding organic family or class.

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a.
- Functional Group: Ketone
- Class: Ketone
- *Explanation:* The carbonyl group (C=O) is bonded to two carbon atoms (CH₃CH₂CH₂– and –CH₂CH₃). This defines a ketone.

b.
- Functional Group: Arene (Aromatic ring)
- Class: Aromatic hydrocarbon
- *Explanation:* The benzene ring is the defining feature. Methyl groups are substituents, but the aromatic ring itself is the functional group here.

c.
- Functional Group: Carboxylic acid
- Class: Carboxylic acid
- *Explanation:* The –COOH group is present. The bromine is a halogen substituent, but the carboxylic acid group is the primary functional group.

d.
- Functional Group: Amide
- Class: Amide
- *Explanation:* The carbonyl group (C=O) is directly bonded to a nitrogen atom (–NH₂). This defines an amide. The alkyl chain is part of the substituent.

e.
- Functional Group: Aldehyde
- Class: Aldehyde
- *Explanation:* The carbonyl group (C=O) is at the end of the chain and bonded to one H atom (–CHO). The cyclohexene ring has a double bond (alkene), but since the question asks for functional groups *other than alkane*, and aldehyde is more specific/priority, we list aldehyde. *(Note: Technically, this molecule also contains an alkene functional group due to the C=C in the ring. If you must list all non-alkane groups, include both Aldehyde and Alkene. But often, the most reactive/defining group like aldehyde is listed.)*

f.
- Functional Group: Alcohol
- Class: Alcohol
- *Explanation:* The –OH group is bonded to a carbon atom that is bonded to three other carbons (tertiary carbon). This is a tertiary alcohol.

g.
- Functional Group: Ether
- Class: Ether
- *Explanation:* The oxygen atom is bonded to two carbon groups: a benzyl group (C₆H₅CH₂–) and a methyl group (–CH₃). This defines an ether.

h.
- Functional Group: Carboxylic acid
- Class: Carboxylic acid
- *Explanation:* The –COOH group is present. The –NH₂ group is attached to the alpha carbon, making this an amino acid derivative, but the carboxylic acid is the primary functional group.

i.
- Functional Group: Aldehyde
- Class: Aldehyde
- *Explanation:* The –CHO group is present. The chlorine is a halogen substituent.

j.
- Functional Group: Alkyne + Amine
- Class: Alkyne and Amine
- *Explanation:* Contains a carbon-carbon triple bond (–C≡C–) → Alkyne. Also contains an –NH₂ group → Amine. Both are functional groups.

k.
- Functional Group: Phenol
- Class: Phenol
- *Explanation:* The –OH group is directly attached to the benzene ring. This defines a phenol. The chlorines are substituents.

l.
- Functional Group: Amide
- Class: Amide
- *Explanation:* The carbonyl group (C=O) is bonded to a nitrogen atom that has two alkyl groups (methyl and ethyl). This is a secondary amide.

m.
- Functional Group: Carboxylic acid + Alcohol
- Class: Carboxylic acid and Alcohol
- *Explanation:* Contains a –COOH group (carboxylic acid) and an –OH group on the adjacent carbon (alcohol). Both are functional groups.

n.
- Functional Group: Alcohol + Amine
- Class: Alcohol and Amine
- *Explanation:* Contains a –OH group (alcohol) and an –NH₂ group (amine). Both are functional groups.

o.
- Functional Group: Ester + Alkyne
- Class: Ester and Alkyne
- *Explanation:* The –COO– group (carbonyl bonded to oxygen which is bonded to carbon) defines an ester. The –C≡CH group defines an alkyne.

p.
- Functional Group: Amide
- Class: Amide
- *Explanation:* The carbonyl group (C=O) is bonded to a nitrogen atom (–NH₂). This is a primary amide.

q.
- Functional Group: Alkene + Halide
- Class: Alkene and Haloalkane
- *Explanation:* Contains a carbon-carbon double bond (alkene) and a bromine atom bonded to a carbon (haloalkane).

r.
- Functional Group: Phenol + Ester + Amine + Halide
- Class: Phenol, Ester, Amine, Haloalkane
- *Explanation:* Multiple functional groups:
- –OH attached to benzene ring → Phenol.
- –COOCH₃ group → Ester.
- –NH₂ group → Amine.
- –Cl atom → Halide (chloro substituent).

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✔ Summary Table for Quick Reference:

| Structure | Functional Group(s) | Class(es) |
|-----------|-------------------------------------|-------------------------------|
| a | Ketone | Ketone |
| b | Arene | Aromatic hydrocarbon |
| c | Carboxylic acid | Carboxylic acid |
| d | Amide | Amide |
| e | Aldehyde (and Alkene*) | Aldehyde (Alkene*) |
| f | Alcohol | Alcohol |
| g | Ether | Ether |
| h | Carboxylic acid | Carboxylic acid |
| i | Aldehyde | Aldehyde |
| j | Alkyne, Amine | Alkyne, Amine |
| k | Phenol | Phenol |
| l | Amide | Amide |
| m | Carboxylic acid, Alcohol | Carboxylic acid, Alcohol |
| n | Alcohol, Amine | Alcohol, Amine |
| o | Ester, Alkyne | Ester, Alkyne |
| p | Amide | Amide |
| q | Alkene, Halide | Alkene, Haloalkane |
| r | Phenol, Ester, Amine, Halide | Phenol, Ester, Amine, Halide |

*Note for e: If only one functional group per molecule is required, choose Aldehyde. If multiple are allowed, include Alkene too.*

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