Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis online exercise for | Live ... - Free Printable
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Step-by-step solution for: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis online exercise for | Live ...
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Step-by-step solution for: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis online exercise for | Live ...
Let's solve the paragraph by filling in the blanks using the provided word list:
Word List:
- thymine
- guanine
- uracil
- amino acid
- sugar
- DNA
- messenger
- codon
- protein
- three-base
- double helix
- phosphate
- organic bases
- nucleic acid
- transcription
- replication
- strand
- hydrogen bond
- proteins
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In the living world there are millions of different kinds of proteins.
*Explanation:* Proteins are the functional molecules in cells that perform a wide variety of roles (e.g., enzymes, structural components, transporters), and there are indeed millions of different types.
How are these made by cells? It has been found that protein synthesis in a cell is controlled by a complex macromolecule called DNA.
*Explanation:* DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) stores genetic information and directs protein synthesis.
This compound is not a protein but a nucleic acid.
*Explanation:* DNA is a type of nucleic acid, which is a different class of macromolecules from proteins.
A nucleic acid is made up of three parts: a 5-carbon sugar molecule, a nitrogen-containing organic base, and a phosphate group.
*Explanation:* Each nucleotide (the building block of nucleic acids) consists of a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
DNA looks like a ladder twisted into a shape known as a double helix.
*Explanation:* The famous structure of DNA, discovered by Watson and Crick, is a double helix.
Each side of the "ladder" is a long strand made of connecting nucleic acids. Each base is joined by a weak hydrogen bond to a base on the other strand forming “rungs” on the ladder.
*Explanation:* Hydrogen bonds hold complementary bases together between the two strands.
The bases form complementary pairs: adenine bonds with thymine; cytosine bonds with guanine.
*Explanation:* Base pairing rules: A-T and C-G in DNA.
During DNA replication, the hydrogen bonds break and each strand finds new complementary bases.
*Explanation:* Replication is the process where DNA copies itself before cell division.
In the nucleic acid, RNA, adenine always pairs with uracil.
*Explanation:* RNA uses uracil instead of thymine; so A-U pairs in RNA.
There are three kinds of RNA. Messenger RNA carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
*Explanation:* mRNA (messenger RNA) is responsible for carrying the genetic code from DNA to ribosomes.
During transcription, information is transferred from DNA in the nucleus to mRNA.
*Explanation:* Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a gene.
The DNA molecule opens up and the mRNA forms a single complementary strand.
*Explanation:* During transcription, one strand of DNA serves as a template to produce a complementary mRNA strand.
The four bases of RNA can be combined into 64 different three-base combinations.
*Explanation:* There are four RNA bases (A, U, C, G), and they combine in groups of three (triplets), giving 4³ = 64 possible combinations.
Each triplet, known as a codon, codes for one specific amino acid.
*Explanation:* A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.
The order of the triplets will determine the order of the amino acids in the protein synthesized.
*Explanation:* The sequence of codons in mRNA determines the sequence of amino acids in the resulting protein.
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In the living world there are millions of different kinds of proteins. How are these made by cells? It has been found that protein synthesis in a cell is controlled by a complex macromolecule called DNA. This compound is not a protein but a nucleic acid. A nucleic acid is made up of three parts: a 5-carbon sugar molecule, a nitrogen-containing organic base, and a phosphate group. DNA looks like a ladder twisted into a shape known as a double helix. Each side of the "ladder" is a long strand made of connecting nucleic acids. Each base is joined by a weak hydrogen bond to a base on the other strand forming “rungs” on the ladder. The bases form complementary pairs: adenine bonds with thymine; cytosine bonds with guanine. During DNA replication, the hydrogen bonds break and each strand finds new complementary bases.
In the nucleic acid, RNA, adenine always pairs with uracil. There are three kinds of RNA. Messenger RNA carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. During transcription, information is transferred from DNA in the nucleus to mRNA. The DNA molecule opens up and the mRNA forms a single complementary strand. The four bases of RNA can be combined into 64 different three-base combinations. Each triplet, known as a codon, codes for one specific amino acid. The order of the triplets will determine the order of the amino acids in the protein synthesized.
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This completes the review worksheet accurately and logically based on molecular biology principles.
Word List:
- thymine
- guanine
- uracil
- amino acid
- sugar
- DNA
- messenger
- codon
- protein
- three-base
- double helix
- phosphate
- organic bases
- nucleic acid
- transcription
- replication
- strand
- hydrogen bond
- proteins
---
Completed Paragraph with Explanations:
In the living world there are millions of different kinds of proteins.
*Explanation:* Proteins are the functional molecules in cells that perform a wide variety of roles (e.g., enzymes, structural components, transporters), and there are indeed millions of different types.
How are these made by cells? It has been found that protein synthesis in a cell is controlled by a complex macromolecule called DNA.
*Explanation:* DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) stores genetic information and directs protein synthesis.
This compound is not a protein but a nucleic acid.
*Explanation:* DNA is a type of nucleic acid, which is a different class of macromolecules from proteins.
A nucleic acid is made up of three parts: a 5-carbon sugar molecule, a nitrogen-containing organic base, and a phosphate group.
*Explanation:* Each nucleotide (the building block of nucleic acids) consists of a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
DNA looks like a ladder twisted into a shape known as a double helix.
*Explanation:* The famous structure of DNA, discovered by Watson and Crick, is a double helix.
Each side of the "ladder" is a long strand made of connecting nucleic acids. Each base is joined by a weak hydrogen bond to a base on the other strand forming “rungs” on the ladder.
*Explanation:* Hydrogen bonds hold complementary bases together between the two strands.
The bases form complementary pairs: adenine bonds with thymine; cytosine bonds with guanine.
*Explanation:* Base pairing rules: A-T and C-G in DNA.
During DNA replication, the hydrogen bonds break and each strand finds new complementary bases.
*Explanation:* Replication is the process where DNA copies itself before cell division.
In the nucleic acid, RNA, adenine always pairs with uracil.
*Explanation:* RNA uses uracil instead of thymine; so A-U pairs in RNA.
There are three kinds of RNA. Messenger RNA carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
*Explanation:* mRNA (messenger RNA) is responsible for carrying the genetic code from DNA to ribosomes.
During transcription, information is transferred from DNA in the nucleus to mRNA.
*Explanation:* Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a gene.
The DNA molecule opens up and the mRNA forms a single complementary strand.
*Explanation:* During transcription, one strand of DNA serves as a template to produce a complementary mRNA strand.
The four bases of RNA can be combined into 64 different three-base combinations.
*Explanation:* There are four RNA bases (A, U, C, G), and they combine in groups of three (triplets), giving 4³ = 64 possible combinations.
Each triplet, known as a codon, codes for one specific amino acid.
*Explanation:* A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.
The order of the triplets will determine the order of the amino acids in the protein synthesized.
*Explanation:* The sequence of codons in mRNA determines the sequence of amino acids in the resulting protein.
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✔ Final Answer (Filled-in Paragraph):
In the living world there are millions of different kinds of proteins. How are these made by cells? It has been found that protein synthesis in a cell is controlled by a complex macromolecule called DNA. This compound is not a protein but a nucleic acid. A nucleic acid is made up of three parts: a 5-carbon sugar molecule, a nitrogen-containing organic base, and a phosphate group. DNA looks like a ladder twisted into a shape known as a double helix. Each side of the "ladder" is a long strand made of connecting nucleic acids. Each base is joined by a weak hydrogen bond to a base on the other strand forming “rungs” on the ladder. The bases form complementary pairs: adenine bonds with thymine; cytosine bonds with guanine. During DNA replication, the hydrogen bonds break and each strand finds new complementary bases.
In the nucleic acid, RNA, adenine always pairs with uracil. There are three kinds of RNA. Messenger RNA carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. During transcription, information is transferred from DNA in the nucleus to mRNA. The DNA molecule opens up and the mRNA forms a single complementary strand. The four bases of RNA can be combined into 64 different three-base combinations. Each triplet, known as a codon, codes for one specific amino acid. The order of the triplets will determine the order of the amino acids in the protein synthesized.
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This completes the review worksheet accurately and logically based on molecular biology principles.
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of nucleic acids worksheet.
