This diagram illustrates the processes of osmosis and diffusion in cells, showing how water and solutes move across a selectively permeable membrane.

Let's solve this step by step.

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Part 1: Matching Terms with Descriptors

We are given terms on the left and descriptors on the right. We need to match each term with the best descriptor (use each only once).

#### Terms:
6. Concentration
7. Diffusion
8. Equal amount of water inside a cell as outside
9. More water outside a cell than inside
10. Osmosis
11. More solute outside a cell than inside
12. Selectively permeable membrane

#### Descriptors:
a) Moves particles like oxygen into cells
b) Amount of a substance in a certain place
c) Moves water into and out of cells
d) Allows some substances through
e), f), g) — These are diagrams showing water movement

But the descriptors labeled a–g include both text and diagrams. Let’s interpret them:

- a) Moves particles like oxygen into cells → This describes diffusion.
- b) Amount of a substance in a certain place → This is concentration.
- c) Moves water into and out of cells → This is osmosis.
- d) Allows some substances through → This is a selectively permeable membrane.
- e), f), g) are diagrams:
- e) Water moving into a cell (swelling) → likely hypotonic condition
- f) Water moving out of a cell (shrinking) → hypertonic
- g) No net movement → isotonic

Now let’s match:

6. Concentration → b) Amount of a substance in a certain place ✔
7. Diffusion → a) Moves particles like oxygen into cells ✔
8. Equal amount of water inside a cell as outside → This means no net movement → g) (diagram showing equilibrium) ✔
9. More water outside a cell than inside → This means more water outside → water will move into the cell → e) (water entering cell) ✔
10. Osmosis → c) Moves water into and out of cells ✔
11. More solute outside a cell than inside → This is hypertonic environment → water moves out → f) (water leaving cell) ✔
12. Selectively permeable membrane → d) Allows some substances through ✔

✔ Final Matches:

| Term | Descriptor |
|------|------------|
| 6. Concentration | b) Amount of a substance in a certain place |
| 7. Diffusion | a) Moves particles like oxygen into cells |
| 8. Equal amount of water inside a cell as outside | g) (diagram: no net movement) |
| 9. More water outside a cell than inside | e) (diagram: water entering cell) |
| 10. Osmosis | c) Moves water into and out of cells |
| 11. More solute outside a cell than inside | f) (diagram: water leaving cell) |
| 12. Selectively permeable membrane | d) Allows some substances through |

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Question 13: Why won't the saltwater fish survive in freshwater?

> You have just bought a tropical fish for your freshwater (no salt) aquarium. Unfortunately, you do not realize it is a saltwater fish, which is isotonic to salty water environments. Using your knowledge of osmosis, explain why this fish will not survive in your aquarium.

#### Answer:

The saltwater fish is adapted to live in an environment where the surrounding water has a high concentration of salt (hypertonic). Its body fluids are isotonic to saltwater, meaning the concentration of solutes inside its cells matches that of the seawater.

When placed in freshwater, which has very low salt concentration (hypotonic), the following happens:

- The concentration of water outside the fish is higher than inside its cells.
- Water will move into the fish’s cells by osmosis (from high water concentration to low).
- This causes the cells to swell and potentially burst (lyse).
- The fish cannot regulate this influx of water effectively because its body systems are designed for saltwater.
- Over time, this leads to cell damage, organ failure, and eventually death.

🔹 Conclusion: The fish dies due to osmotic shock — water enters its cells uncontrollably in freshwater, disrupting cellular function.

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Question 14: Complete the table

We are to determine whether solute and water move inside or outside the cell based on the concentrations in intracellular vs. extracellular fluid.

#### Rules:
- Diffusion: Solutes move from high concentration → low concentration
- Osmosis: Water moves from low solute concentration → high solute concentration (i.e., from area of high water to low water)

So:
- If intracellular > extracellular in solute → water moves IN
- If extracellular > intracellular → water moves OUT
- Solute moves toward lower concentration

Let’s go row by row:

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| | DIFFUSION | OSMOSIS | Intracellular Fluid | Extracellular Fluid |
|---|-----------|---------|---------------------|---------------------|
| | Does SOLUTE move INSIDE or OUTSIDE? | Does WATER move INSIDE or OUTSIDE? | (Inside) | (Outside) |
| 1. 5% salt | 10% salt | | | |
| 2. 10% salt | 10% salt | | | |
| 3. 3% glucose | 1% glucose | | | |
| 4. 2% protein | 1% protein | | | |
| 5. 9% salt | 9% salt | | | |
| 6. 13% water | 25% water | | | |

Wait — note: In row 6, we are given water percentages, not solute.

Let’s analyze each row.

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#### Row 1: 5% salt (intra), 10% salt (extra)

- Solute (salt): Higher outside → diffuses OUTSIDE (to lower concentration)
- Water: Water moves from low solute → high solute → so from inside (less salt) to outside (more salt) → OUTSIDE
- But wait: Water moves OUT, because outside has higher solute → less water.

✔ So:
- Solute: OUTSIDE
- Water: OUTSIDE

Wait — that seems odd. Let's double-check.

Actually:
- Solute moves from high to low → from outside (10%) to inside (5%) → so INSIDE
- Water moves from low solute → high solute → from inside (5%) to outside (10%) → so OUTSIDE

✔ Correct.

| Row | Solute | Water |
|-----|--------|-------|
| 1 | INSIDE | OUTSIDE |

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#### Row 2: 10% salt (intra), 10% salt (extra)

- Equal concentration → no net movement
- Solute: NEITHER (but since it says "INSIDE or OUTSIDE", we assume neither — but maybe leave blank? Or write "no movement"? But instruction says "INSIDE or OUTSIDE")

Since equal, no net movement → we can say not applicable, but if forced to choose, neither direction dominates.

But per instructions: “write whether solutes and water move INSIDE or OUTSIDE”

So for equal, we say no net movement — but perhaps the question expects us to say none or neither?

But looking at format, probably they expect no movement or leave blank.

But let's see: if concentrations are equal, no diffusion, no osmosis.

So:
- Solute: NO NET MOVEMENT
- Water: NO NET MOVEMENT

But since options are only INSIDE or OUTSIDE, perhaps we write NONE or leave blank.

But let’s assume we must pick one. Since there’s no gradient, no movement → we can write N/A or none.

But in many such tables, "no net movement" is accepted.

For now, we’ll write NO for both.

But let’s keep going.

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#### Row 3: 3% glucose (intra), 1% glucose (extra)

- Glucose: higher inside → diffuses OUTSIDE
- Water: depends on solute concentration → higher solute inside → water moves INSIDE (to dilute)

So:
- Solute: OUTSIDE
- Water: INSIDE

✔

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#### Row 4: 2% protein (intra), 1% protein (extra)

- Protein: higher inside → diffuses OUTSIDE
- Water: higher solute inside → water moves INSIDE

So:
- Solute: OUTSIDE
- Water: INSIDE

✔

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#### Row 5: 9% salt (intra), 9% salt (extra)

Same as row 2 → equal → no net movement

- Solute: NO NET MOVEMENT
- Water: NO NET MOVEMENT

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#### Row 6: 13% water (intra), 25% water (extra)

This is tricky — given water percentage, not solute.

Remember: Higher water % = lower solute %

So:
- Inside: 13% water → 87% solute
- Outside: 25% water → 75% solute

Wait — that can’t be. Wait: 100% = water + solute

So:
- Inside: 13% water → 87% solute
- Outside: 25% water → 75% solute

So inside has higher solute → water will move OUTSIDE (to dilute)

Solute: higher inside → moves OUTSIDE

So:
- Solute: OUTSIDE
- Water: OUTSIDE

Wait — that seems inconsistent.

But let’s think:

- Solute: higher inside → diffuses OUTSIDE
- Water: higher water outside → water moves OUTSIDE? No!

Wait — Water moves from high water concentration to low.

- Inside: 13% water → low water
- Outside: 25% water → high water

So water moves from outside to inside → INSIDE

But solute: inside has 87% solute, outside has 75% solute → so solute moves OUTSIDE

So:
- Solute: OUTSIDE
- Water: INSIDE

Yes! That makes sense.

Even though solute is high inside, water moves into the cell because water is more concentrated outside.

But wait — osmosis is driven by solute concentration, not directly water.

But water moves from high water concentration to low.

Here:
- Outside: 25% water → high water
- Inside: 13% water → low water

So water moves FROM outside TO inside → INSIDE

And solute: inside has higher concentration → moves OUTSIDE

✔

So final table:

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✔ Completed Table:

| | DIFFUSION | OSMOSIS | Intracellular Fluid | Extracellular Fluid |
|---|-----------|---------|---------------------|---------------------|
| | Does SOLUTE move INSIDE or OUTSIDE? | Does WATER move INSIDE or OUTSIDE? | (Inside) | (Outside) |
| 1. 5% salt | INSIDE | OUTSIDE | 5% salt | 10% salt |
| 2. 10% salt | NO NET MOVEMENT | NO NET MOVEMENT | 10% salt | 10% salt |
| 3. 3% glucose | OUTSIDE | INSIDE | 3% glucose | 1% glucose |
| 4. 2% protein | OUTSIDE | INSIDE | 2% protein | 1% protein |
| 5. 9% salt | NO NET MOVEMENT | NO NET MOVEMENT | 9% salt | 9% salt |
| 6. 13% water | OUTSIDE | INSIDE | 13% water | 25% water |

> Note: For rows 2 and 5, since concentrations are equal, there is no net movement of solutes or water.

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✔ Final Answers Summary:

#### Matching:
6. Concentration → b
7. Diffusion → a
8. Equal water → g
9. More water outside → e
10. Osmosis → c
11. More solute outside → f
12. Selectively permeable → d

#### Q13 Answer:
The saltwater fish will die because freshwater is hypotonic compared to its body fluids. Water will enter the fish’s cells by osmosis, causing them to swell and burst. The fish lacks mechanisms to handle this influx of water, leading to cell damage and death.

#### Q14 Table:
See completed table above.

Let me know if you'd like this formatted neatly!