Osmosis in animal cells: Water movement based on concentration gradients in isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions.

Let’s solve this step by step.

We have three beakers, each with an animal cell inside. For each one, we need to:

1. Draw an arrow showing which way water moves (by osmosis).
2. Fill in any missing percentages (water or solute) — but looking at the image, all percentages are already given for both inside and outside the cell. So no filling needed.
3. Identify if the solution is isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic.

Remember:
- Water moves from where there’s MORE water (lower solute concentration) to where there’s LESS water (higher solute concentration).
- Isotonic = same concentration inside and out → no net water movement.
- Hypertonic = outside has more solute → water leaves cell → cell shrinks.
- Hypotonic = outside has less solute → water enters cell → cell swells.

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Beaker 1:

Inside cell: 90% H₂O, 10% solute
Outside: 85% H₂O, 15% solute

→ Outside has MORE solute (15% > 10%) → so water will move OUT of the cell.
→ Arrow points OUTWARD (from cell to beaker).
→ Solution is HYPERTONIC (because outside has higher solute concentration).

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Beaker 2:

Inside cell: 40% H₂O, 60% solute
Outside: 90% H₂O, 10% solute

→ Outside has MUCH LESS solute (10% < 60%) → so water will move INTO the cell.
→ Arrow points INWARD (from beaker into cell).
→ Solution is HYPOTONIC (outside has lower solute concentration).

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Beaker 3:

Inside cell: 75% H₂O, 25% solute
Outside: 80% H₂O, 20% solute

→ Outside has LESS solute (20% < 25%) → so water will move INTO the cell.
→ Arrow points INWARD.
→ Solution is HYPOTONIC.

Wait — let me double-check Beaker 3.

Inside: 25% solute
Outside: 20% solute → yes, outside is less concentrated → water goes in → hypotonic. Correct.

But wait — actually, let’s compare water too:

Inside: 75% water
Outside: 80% water → more water outside → water moves in → same conclusion.

All good.

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Final Answers:

Beaker 1:
- Water moves: OUT of cell
- Type: Hypertonic

Beaker 2:
- Water moves: INTO cell
- Type: Hypotonic

Beaker 3:
- Water moves: INTO cell
- Type: Hypotonic

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Final Answer:
Beaker 1: Water moves out; Hypertonic
Beaker 2: Water moves in; Hypotonic
Beaker 3: Water moves in; Hypotonic