Solved PART C: The diagram below shows six cells in various ... - Free Printable
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Step-by-step solution for: Solved PART C: The diagram below shows six cells in various ...
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Show Answer Key & Explanations
Step-by-step solution for: Solved PART C: The diagram below shows six cells in various ...
Let's go through each question step by step based on the provided diagram and knowledge of the cell cycle.
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Answer: Prophase
Explanation:
- Cell A shows chromosomes condensing, nuclear envelope still present, and spindle fibers beginning to form — this is early prophase.
- Cell F shows chromosomes fully condensed, spindle fibers attached to centromeres, and the nuclear envelope breaking down — this is late prophase (also called prometaphase in some models).
- Both are stages within prophase, the first phase of mitosis.
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Answer: Cell C
Explanation:
- In metaphase, chromosomes line up at the equator (center) of the cell, attached to spindle fibers from opposite poles.
- Cell C clearly shows chromosomes aligned in the middle of the cell — this is metaphase.
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Answer: Cell D
Explanation:
- Interphase is the phase before mitosis where the cell grows and DNA replicates.
- Cell D has a visible nucleus, uncondensed chromatin (not visible as distinct chromosomes), and no signs of division — typical of interphase.
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Answer: Centrosome (or centriole)
Explanation:
- Structure X is located near the nucleus and appears to be part of the spindle apparatus.
- It is likely a centrosome, which organizes microtubules during mitosis.
- In animal cells, centrosomes contain centrioles and help form the spindle fibers.
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Answer: D → A → F → C → E → B
Explanation:
Here’s the correct sequence of phases:
1. D – Interphase (G1/S/G2; cell preparing for division)
2. A – Early prophase (chromosomes condensing, spindle forming)
3. F – Late prophase/prometaphase (nuclear envelope breaking down, spindle attached)
4. C – Metaphase (chromosomes lined up at equator)
5. E – Anaphase (sister chromatids pulled apart toward poles)
6. B – Telophase and cytokinesis (chromosomes decondense, nuclei reform, cytoplasm divides)
> So the order is: D → A → F → C → E → B
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#### A. Explain your answer.
Answer: Animal cells
Explanation:
- The presence of centrosomes (labeled X in cell A) and cleavage furrow in cell B (pinching of the cell membrane) are hallmarks of animal cells.
- Plant cells have cell plates during cytokinesis (which forms a new cell wall), not cleavage furrows.
#### B. If it were the other type of cell, what would be different in the diagrams?
Answer:
- In plant cells, instead of a cleavage furrow (as seen in cell B), there would be a cell plate forming in the center of the cell during cytokinesis.
- Plant cells also lack centrosomes; they use the spindle poles formed from microtubules without centrosomes.
- Additionally, plant cells have a rigid cell wall, so the shape remains fixed throughout division.
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Answer: Interphase
Explanation:
- Interphase includes G1, S, and G2 phases.
- This phase involves cell growth, DNA replication, and preparation for division.
- It takes up about 90% of the cell cycle time because most of the cell's life is spent growing and carrying out normal functions.
---
Answers:
1. Growth and development: Mitosis allows multicellular organisms to grow from a single zygote into a complex organism by increasing cell number.
2. Tissue repair and regeneration: Damaged or dead cells are replaced via mitosis (e.g., skin, blood cells).
3. Asexual reproduction: In some organisms (like bacteria, fungi, or plants), mitosis enables reproduction without gametes.
---
Answer:
- G1 phase: The cell grows in size, synthesizes proteins and organelles, and carries out normal functions. It prepares for DNA replication.
- G2 phase: The cell continues to grow and produces proteins and organelles needed for mitosis. It checks that DNA replication is complete and repairs any damage before entering mitosis.
---
Answer:
- Uncontrolled cell division can lead to tumor formation.
- If the cells are abnormal and divide rapidly without regulation, it may result in cancer.
- Tumors can interfere with normal tissue function, invade nearby tissues, and spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body.
- This disrupts homeostasis and can be fatal if not treated.
---
| Question | Answer |
|--------|--------|
| 1 | Prophase |
| 2 | Cell C |
| 3 | Cell D |
| 4 | Centrosome (or centriole) |
| 5 | D → A → F → C → E → B |
| 6A | Animal cells (due to centrosomes and cleavage furrow) |
| 6B | Plant cells would have cell plates instead of cleavage furrows and lack centrosomes |
| 7 | Interphase |
| 8 | Growth, repair, asexual reproduction |
| 9 | G1: cell growth; G2: preparation for mitosis |
| 10 | Uncontrolled division leads to tumors and possibly cancer |
Let me know if you'd like a visual explanation or labeling of the diagram!
---
1. Cells A & F show an early and a late stage of the same phase of the cell cycle. What phase is it?
Answer: Prophase
Explanation:
- Cell A shows chromosomes condensing, nuclear envelope still present, and spindle fibers beginning to form — this is early prophase.
- Cell F shows chromosomes fully condensed, spindle fibers attached to centromeres, and the nuclear envelope breaking down — this is late prophase (also called prometaphase in some models).
- Both are stages within prophase, the first phase of mitosis.
---
2. Which cell is in metaphase?
Answer: Cell C
Explanation:
- In metaphase, chromosomes line up at the equator (center) of the cell, attached to spindle fibers from opposite poles.
- Cell C clearly shows chromosomes aligned in the middle of the cell — this is metaphase.
---
3. Which cell is in interphase?
Answer: Cell D
Explanation:
- Interphase is the phase before mitosis where the cell grows and DNA replicates.
- Cell D has a visible nucleus, uncondensed chromatin (not visible as distinct chromosomes), and no signs of division — typical of interphase.
---
4. In cell A, what structure is labeled X?
Answer: Centrosome (or centriole)
Explanation:
- Structure X is located near the nucleus and appears to be part of the spindle apparatus.
- It is likely a centrosome, which organizes microtubules during mitosis.
- In animal cells, centrosomes contain centrioles and help form the spindle fibers.
---
5. List the diagrams in order from first to last in the cell cycle.
Answer: D → A → F → C → E → B
Explanation:
Here’s the correct sequence of phases:
1. D – Interphase (G1/S/G2; cell preparing for division)
2. A – Early prophase (chromosomes condensing, spindle forming)
3. F – Late prophase/prometaphase (nuclear envelope breaking down, spindle attached)
4. C – Metaphase (chromosomes lined up at equator)
5. E – Anaphase (sister chromatids pulled apart toward poles)
6. B – Telophase and cytokinesis (chromosomes decondense, nuclei reform, cytoplasm divides)
> So the order is: D → A → F → C → E → B
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6. Are the cells depicted plant or animal cells?
#### A. Explain your answer.
Answer: Animal cells
Explanation:
- The presence of centrosomes (labeled X in cell A) and cleavage furrow in cell B (pinching of the cell membrane) are hallmarks of animal cells.
- Plant cells have cell plates during cytokinesis (which forms a new cell wall), not cleavage furrows.
#### B. If it were the other type of cell, what would be different in the diagrams?
Answer:
- In plant cells, instead of a cleavage furrow (as seen in cell B), there would be a cell plate forming in the center of the cell during cytokinesis.
- Plant cells also lack centrosomes; they use the spindle poles formed from microtubules without centrosomes.
- Additionally, plant cells have a rigid cell wall, so the shape remains fixed throughout division.
---
7. What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?
Answer: Interphase
Explanation:
- Interphase includes G1, S, and G2 phases.
- This phase involves cell growth, DNA replication, and preparation for division.
- It takes up about 90% of the cell cycle time because most of the cell's life is spent growing and carrying out normal functions.
---
8. State three reasons why mitosis is important for a healthy organism.
Answers:
1. Growth and development: Mitosis allows multicellular organisms to grow from a single zygote into a complex organism by increasing cell number.
2. Tissue repair and regeneration: Damaged or dead cells are replaced via mitosis (e.g., skin, blood cells).
3. Asexual reproduction: In some organisms (like bacteria, fungi, or plants), mitosis enables reproduction without gametes.
---
9. What is happening in G1 and G2?
Answer:
- G1 phase: The cell grows in size, synthesizes proteins and organelles, and carries out normal functions. It prepares for DNA replication.
- G2 phase: The cell continues to grow and produces proteins and organelles needed for mitosis. It checks that DNA replication is complete and repairs any damage before entering mitosis.
---
10. Predict what would happen if cells divided uncontrollably.
Answer:
- Uncontrolled cell division can lead to tumor formation.
- If the cells are abnormal and divide rapidly without regulation, it may result in cancer.
- Tumors can interfere with normal tissue function, invade nearby tissues, and spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body.
- This disrupts homeostasis and can be fatal if not treated.
---
✔ Summary of Answers:
| Question | Answer |
|--------|--------|
| 1 | Prophase |
| 2 | Cell C |
| 3 | Cell D |
| 4 | Centrosome (or centriole) |
| 5 | D → A → F → C → E → B |
| 6A | Animal cells (due to centrosomes and cleavage furrow) |
| 6B | Plant cells would have cell plates instead of cleavage furrows and lack centrosomes |
| 7 | Interphase |
| 8 | Growth, repair, asexual reproduction |
| 9 | G1: cell growth; G2: preparation for mitosis |
| 10 | Uncontrolled division leads to tumors and possibly cancer |
Let me know if you'd like a visual explanation or labeling of the diagram!
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of phases of the cell cycle worksheet answers.
