This educational chart illustrates twenty common examples of physical and chemical changes, ranging from melting ice to burning wood.

Let’s go through each item one by one and decide if it’s a physical change or a chemical change.

What’s the difference?

- Physical change: The thing looks different, but it’s still the same stuff. You can often reverse it (like melting ice → water → freeze back to ice).
- Chemical change: Something new is made. It usually can’t be undone easily (like burning wood → ash and smoke).

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Now let’s check each:

1. Cutting an apple → Just changing shape. Still apple. → Physical
2. Baking a cookie → Dough turns into cookie — new texture, smell, taste. Can’t unbake it. → Chemical
3. Lighting a match → Fire makes heat, light, smoke. Match head changes forever. → Chemical
4. Melting ice → Ice becomes water. Freeze it again? Yes! → Physical
5. Roasting a marshmallow → Gets brown, sticky, maybe burnt. New substances form. → Chemical
6. Freezing water → Water becomes ice. Melt it? Back to water. → Physical
7. Burning a candle → Wax melts (physical) BUT also burns to make CO₂ and water vapor (chemical). Overall, it’s chemical because of combustion. → Chemical
8. Dissolving sugar → Sugar disappears in water, but you can evaporate water and get sugar back. → Physical
9. Ripping paper → Still paper, just smaller pieces. → Physical
10. Slicing bread → Same as cutting apple. → Physical
11. Boiling water → Turns to steam, but condense it → back to water. → Physical
12. Crushing a can → Shape changed, still aluminum. → Physical
13. Breaking a mirror → Glass shards, still glass. → Physical
14. A decaying leaf → Rotting, turning into soil/gas. New stuff formed. → Chemical
15. Frying an egg → Egg white turns solid, color changes. Can’t un-fry it. → Chemical
16. Mixing vinegar and baking soda → Fizzes! Makes gas (CO₂). New substance. → Chemical
17. A rusting bike → Iron + oxygen → rust (new material). → Chemical
18. Burning wood → Turns to ash, smoke, heat. Can’t un-burn. → Chemical
19. Cutting grass → Still grass, just shorter. → Physical
20. Digesting food → Your body breaks food down into nutrients and waste. Chemical reactions happen. → Chemical

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✔ Final Answer:
Here’s the list with correct classifications:

- Cutting an apple → Physical
- Baking a cookie → Chemical
- Lighting a match → Chemical
- Melting ice → Physical
- Roasting a marshmallow → Chemical
- Freezing water → Physical
- Burning a candle → Chemical
- Dissolving sugar → Physical
- Ripping paper → Physical
- Slicing bread → Physical
- Boiling water → Physical
- Crushing a can → Physical
- Breaking a mirror → Physical
- A decaying leaf → Chemical
- Frying an egg → Chemical
- Mixing vinegar and baking soda → Chemical
- A rusting bike → Chemical
- Burning wood → Chemical
- Cutting grass → Physical
- Digesting food → Chemical