Detailed answer key illustrating the differences between convergent, divergent, and transform plate boundaries alongside their corresponding fault types.

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🌍 Plate Tectonics: Teacher Key

| Picture | Boundary Type with Definition | Fault Type | Describe What Is Happening |
|------------|----------------------------------|----------------|-------------------------------|
|  | Convergent Boundary – Plate boundary where two plates move toward each other. | Reverse Fault – Hanging wall is pushed up over the footwall. | Plates collide; one plate (usually oceanic) is forced under the other (subduction). The subducting plate melts in the mantle, forming magma that rises to create volcanoes. |
|  | Divergent Boundary – Plate boundary where two plates move away from each other. | Normal Fault – Hanging wall falls downward relative to the footwall. | Plates separate, creating a rift valley or mid-ocean ridge. Magma rises to fill the gap, forming new crust. |
|  | Convergent Boundary – Plate boundary where two plates move toward each other. | Reverse Fault – Hanging wall is pushed up over the footwall. | Plates collide, causing the hanging wall to push up and form mountains (e.g., Himalayas). No subduction occurs—both plates are continental. |
|  | Transform Boundary – Plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions. | Strike-Slip Fault – Rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up-and-down movement. | Plates slide past each other in opposite directions. This causes horizontal motion along faults like the San Andreas Fault. Earthquakes are common. |

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🔍 Explanation of Concepts

#### 1. Convergent Boundaries
- Two plates move toward each other.
- Two subtypes:
- Oceanic-Oceanic: One subducts beneath the other → forms volcanic island arcs (e.g., Japan).
- Oceanic-Continental: Oceanic plate subducts → forms coastal mountains and volcanoes (e.g., Andes).
- Continental-Continental: Neither subducts → crumple and form large mountain ranges (e.g., Himalayas).

> Fault Type: Reverse Fault
> Why? Because the crust is compressed, pushing one block upward over the other.

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#### 2. Divergent Boundaries
- Two plates move apart.
- Magma rises to fill the gap, creating new crust.
- Found at mid-ocean ridges (e.g., Mid-Atlantic Ridge) and continental rift zones (e.g., East African Rift).

> Fault Type: Normal Fault
> Why? Tension pulls the crust apart, so the hanging wall drops down relative to the footwall.

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#### 3. Transform Boundaries
- Two plates slide past each other horizontally.
- No creation or destruction of crust.
- Associated with strike-slip faults.

> Example: San Andreas Fault in California.

> Fault Type: Strike-Slip Fault
> Why? Horizontal motion dominates; no significant vertical displacement.

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✔ Summary Table

| Boundary Type | Fault Type | Motion | Result |
|-------------------|--------------------|--------------|----------------------------------|
| Convergent | Reverse Fault | Toward each other | Mountains, volcanoes, subduction |
| Divergent | Normal Fault | Away from each other | New crust, rift valleys |
| Transform | Strike-Slip Fault | Slide past each other | Earthquakes, no crust change |

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💡 Teaching Tips

- Use real-world examples (like the Himalayas, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, San Andreas) to make it relatable.
- Emphasize how fault type reflects stress type:
- Compression → Reverse fault
- Tension → Normal fault
- Shear → Strike-slip fault

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