1. Potential energy (E_p) is calculated using the formula E_p = mgh, where m is mass in kilograms, g is acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.8 m/s² or often rounded to 10 m/s² for simplicity), and h is height in meters.
2. Kinetic energy (E_k) is calculated using the formula E_k = (1/2)mv², where m is mass in kilograms and v is velocity in meters per second.
3. In the example provided for potential energy: mass (m) = 4 kg, height (h) = 5 m, g = 10 m/s² → E_p = (4 kg)(10 m/s²)(5 m) = 200 Joules.
4. In the example provided for kinetic energy: mass (m) = 10 kg, velocity (v) = 3 m/s → E_k = (1/2)(10 kg)(3 m/s)² = (5 kg)(9 m²/s²) = 45 Joules.
5. The diagrams illustrate that potential energy increases with greater mass or greater height, while kinetic energy increases with greater mass or greater velocity.
6. Potential energy is stored energy due to position; it converts to kinetic energy (energy of motion) when the object falls or moves.
7. Kinetic energy helps overcome gravity (e.g., going up a hill) and is dissipated as heat (thermal energy) in brakes when slowing down.
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of potential and kinetic energy worksheet answer key.
