- Cell Membrane: Regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis.
- Cell Wall: Provides structural support and protection, helping maintain cell shape and preventing lysis.
- Capsule: A sticky outer layer that aids in attachment to surfaces and protects against desiccation and immune responses.
- Pili: Hair-like structures used for attachment to surfaces and for conjugation (transfer of genetic material between cells).
- Plasmid: Small, circular DNA molecules that replicate independently of chromosomal DNA; often carry genes for antibiotic resistance or other advantageous traits.
- Flagella: Long, whip-like appendages used for motility, allowing the cell to move toward nutrients or away from toxins.
- Nucleoid Region: The area where the cell’s single, circular chromosome is located; contains the cell’s genetic material.
- Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis; translate mRNA into polypeptide chains.
- Cytoplasm: Gel-like substance filling the cell; houses organelles and is the site of many metabolic reactions.
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of prokaryotes vs eukaryotes worksheet.
