WORKSHEET PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELL ... | Exams Cell Biology ... - Free Printable

Let's solve Task 1 of the worksheet step by step.

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🔍 Step 1: Identify the Cell Types

From the two diagrams:

- The left cell is a prokaryotic cell (e.g., bacterium). It has:
- No nucleus
- DNA in a nucleoid region
- No membrane-bound organelles
- Size: 0.1–10 µm

- The right cell is a eukaryotic cell (e.g., animal or plant cell). It has:
- A nucleus with a nuclear envelope
- Membrane-bound organelles (like mitochondria, Golgi apparatus)
- Size: 10–100 µm

So we label:

> PROKARYOTIC CELL — left
> EUKARYOTIC CELL — right

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✔ Now, match each characteristic to the correct cell type.

We'll go through each line and determine whether it applies to prokaryotes, eukaryotes, or both.

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| Characteristic | Answer |
|----------------|--------|
| Bacteria and cyanobacteria | Prokaryote ✔ |
| All other cells | Eukaryote ✔ |
| No nuclear membrane | Prokaryote ✔ *(They have no nucleus at all)* |
| True nuclear membrane | Eukaryote ✔ *(Nucleus enclosed by a double membrane)* |
| Lack membrane-bound organelles | Prokaryote ✔ |
| Possess subcellular organelles | Eukaryote ✔ *(Membrane-bound ones like mitochondria, ER, etc.)* |
| Evolve from much smaller prokaryotic cells | Eukaryote ✔ *(Endosymbiotic theory suggests eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes)* |
| Contain DNA | Both ✔ *(All cells contain DNA)* |
| DNA is visible as a long irregularly shaped molecule | Prokaryote ✔ *(In nucleoid region, not organized into chromosomes)* |
| DNA is packaged together with special proteins, called chromosomes | Eukaryote ✔ *(Chromatin → chromosomes; histones involved)* |
| Specific number of chromosomes | Eukaryote ✔ *(Eukaryotes have defined chromosome numbers; prokaryotes usually have one circular chromosome)* |
| Cell membrane, cytoplasm and various organelles | Eukaryote ✔ *(“Various organelles” implies membrane-bound ones; prokaryotes lack these)* |
| Have ribosomes and make proteins | Both ✔ *(All cells have ribosomes and synthesize proteins)* |

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📝 Final Filled Table:

> PROKARYOTIC CELL — left
> EUKARYOTIC CELL — right

Now fill in the blanks under each characteristic:

```
Bacteria and cyanobacteria prokaryote
All other cells eukaryote
No nuclear prokaryote
True nuclear eukaryote
Lack membrane-bound organelles prokaryote
Possess subcellular organelles eukaryote
Evolve from much smaller prokaryotic cells eukaryote
Contain DNR both
DNR is visible as a long irregularly shaped molecule prokaryote
DNR is packaged together with special proteins, called chromosomes eukaryote
Specific number of chromosomes eukaryote
Cell membrane, cytoplasm and various organelles eukaryote
Have ribosomes and make proteins both
```

> ⚠️ Note: "DNR" likely means DNA (typo for "DNA").

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✔ Summary of Key Differences:

| Feature | Prokaryotic Cell | Eukaryotic Cell |
|--------|------------------|-----------------|
| Nucleus | No (nucleoid region) | Yes (true nucleus) |
| Membrane-bound organelles | No | Yes |
| DNA structure | Single circular chromosome in nucleoid | Linear chromosomes in nucleus |
| Size | Small (0.1–10 µm) | Larger (10–100 µm) |
| Ribosomes | Present (70S) | Present (80S) |
| Evolution | Ancestral | Evolved from prokaryotes |

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✔ This completes Task 1 correctly. You can now write the answers directly into the worksheet using this guide.