Physical Science Chapter 16 Properties Of Atoms And The Periodic ... - Free Printable

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Let’s go through each part step by step.

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Part A: Use your notebook to define the following terms

Here are the definitions for the requested terms:

1. Atom – The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element.
2. Atomic number – The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; defines the element.
3. Average atomic mass – The weighted average of the masses of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element.
4. Atomic mass – The mass of a single atom, usually expressed in atomic mass units (amu).
5. Electron – A negatively charged subatomic particle found in orbitals around the nucleus.
6. Electron cloud – The region around the nucleus where electrons are likely to be found; it represents the probability distribution of electrons.
7. Electron dot diagram – A representation of an atom showing valence electrons as dots around the element's symbol.
8. Group – A vertical column in the periodic table; elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.
9. Isotope – Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons (and thus different atomic masses).
10. Mass number – The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
11. Neutron – A neutral subatomic particle found in the nucleus.
12. Nucleus – The central core of an atom containing protons and neutrons.
13. Period – A horizontal row in the periodic table; elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells.
14. Periodic table – A tabular arrangement of elements ordered by atomic number, showing recurring trends in their properties.
15. Proton – A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus.
16. Valence electrons – Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom; involved in chemical bonding.

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Part B: Multiple Choice – Choose the best answer

#### 1. Which type of matter are most of the elements to the left of the stair-step line in the periodic table?
- a) Gas
- b) Liquid
- c) Solid
- d) Metal

✔ Correct Answer: d) Metal
Explanation: The stair-step line separates metals from nonmetals. Elements to the left are mostly metals, which are typically solid at room temperature (except mercury), shiny, malleable, and conductive.

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#### 2. What is a name for a pattern that repeats?
- a) Isotopic
- b) Metallic
- c) Periodic
- d) Transverse

✔ Correct Answer: c) Periodic
Explanation: The word “periodic” means repeating at regular intervals. This is why the periodic table is named so — because properties of elements repeat periodically across rows and columns.

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#### 3. Which of the following methods would be most useful for identifying atoms?
- a) classifying with dimensions
- b) observing in a gas state
- c) constructing a model
- d) watching with binoculars

✔ Correct Answer: c) constructing a model
Explanation: Atoms are too small to see directly with any optical instrument, including binoculars. Scientists use models (like Bohr or quantum mechanical models) to represent and understand atomic structure.

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#### 4. An atom containing six positive charges and six negative charges has _______ charge.
- a) a positive
- b) a negative
- c) a neutral
- d) no one

✔ Correct Answer: c) a neutral
Explanation: If the number of protons (+6) equals the number of electrons (-6), the net charge is zero → neutral atom.

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✔ Final Answers Summary:

| Question | Correct Answer |
|--------|----------------|
| 1 | d) Metal |
| 2 | c) Periodic |
| 3 | c) constructing a model |
| 4 | c) a neutral |

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