Educational worksheet on Punnett squares illustrating genetic inheritance of plant height traits.

Let's solve each Punnett square step by step and explain the results.

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Key Information:

- T = dominant allele (tall)
- t = recessive allele (short)
- TT = homozygous dominant → tall
- Tt = heterozygous (mixed hybrid) → tall (since T is dominant)
- tt = homozygous recessive → short

We’ll fill in each Punnett square, determine the genotypes of offspring, and then identify their phenotypes.

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1. Both parents are dominant tall (TT × TT)

```
T T
-------------
T | TT | TT |
-------------
T | TT | TT |
-------------
```

Offspring Genotypes:
- All four boxes = TT

Phenotypes:
- All are tall

Answers:
1. TT
2. TT
3. TT
4. TT

> All offspring are tall.

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2. Both parents are mixed hybrids (Tt × Tt)

```
T t
-------------
T | TT | Tt |
-------------
t | Tt | tt |
-------------
```

Offspring Genotypes:
- TT (top-left)
- Tt (top-right)
- Tt (bottom-left)
- tt (bottom-right)

So:
- 1 TT
- 2 Tt
- 1 tt

Phenotypes:
- TT → tall
- Tt → tall (dominant)
- tt → short

So:
- 3 tall (TT and Tt)
- 1 short (tt)

Expected ratio: 3:1 (tall : short)

Answers:
1. TT
2. Tt
3. Tt
4. tt

> Expected phenotypic ratio: 3 tall : 1 short

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3. One parent is dominant tall (TT), one is mixed hybrid (Tt)

```
T T
-------------
T | TT | TT |
-------------
t | Tt | Tt |
-------------
```

Offspring Genotypes:
- TT, TT, Tt, Tt

So:
- 2 TT
- 2 Tt

Phenotypes:
- TT → tall
- Tt → tall

All offspring are tall

Answers:
1. TT
2. TT
3. Tt
4. Tt

> All offspring are tall (no short plants)

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4. Both parents are recessive short (tt × tt)

```
t t
-------------
t | tt | tt |
-------------
t | tt | tt |
-------------
```

Offspring Genotypes:
- All four = tt

Phenotypes:
- All are short

Answers:
1. tt
2. tt
3. tt
4. tt

> All offspring are short

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✔ Final Answers:

#### 1. Both parents are dominant tall (TT × TT):
1. TT
2. TT
3. TT
4. TT

#### 2. Both parents are mixed hybrids (Tt × Tt):
1. TT
2. Tt
3. Tt
4. tt
> Expected ratio: 3 tall : 1 short

#### 3. One parent is dominant tall (TT), one is mixed hybrid (Tt):
1. TT
2. TT
3. Tt
4. Tt

#### 4. Both parents are recessive short (tt × tt):
1. tt
2. tt
3. tt
4. tt

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🔍 Summary:

- TT × TT → All offspring tall (TT)
- Tt × Tt → 3 tall : 1 short (genotypes: 1 TT, 2 Tt, 1 tt)
- TT × Tt → All offspring tall (TT or Tt)
- tt × tt → All offspring short (tt)

This demonstrates how dominant and recessive alleles interact in inheritance!