Punnett Square worksheet for predicting genetic outcomes in offspring.

Let’s solve each “Your Turn Now!” problem step by step.

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Problem 1: Eye Color (Father BB, Mother bb)

- Father has BB → can only give B allele.
- Mother has bb → can only give b allele.
- So all children will get B from dad and b from mom → genotype = Bb
- Since B is dominant (brown eyes), all children will have brown eyes.

Punnett Square:

```
B B
b Bb Bb
b Bb Bb
```

All four boxes are Bb → all children have brown eyes.

✔ Final Answer for Problem 1: All children will have brown eyes (genotype Bb).

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Problem 2: Hair Type (Father Cc, Mother cc)

- Father: Cc → can give C or c
- Mother: cc → can only give c

Punnett Square:

```
C c
c Cc cc
c Cc cc
```

Offspring genotypes:
- Top left: C + c = Cc → curly hair (since C is dominant)
- Top right: c + c = cc → straight hair
- Bottom left: C + c = Cc → curly hair
- Bottom right: c + c = cc → straight hair

So:
- 2 out of 4 = Cc → curly hair
- 2 out of 4 = cc → straight hair

✔ Final Answer for Problem 2: Half the children will have curly hair (Cc), half will have straight hair (cc).

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Problem 3: Flower Petals (Red RR × Yellow Rr)

Wait — let’s read carefully:

> The red petal is dominant (RR)
> The yellow petal flower is a hybrid (Rr)

But if red is dominant, then RR and Rr should both be red? That doesn’t make sense unless there’s a mistake in wording.

Actually, re-reading: It says “The red petal is dominant (RR)” — that probably means the *allele* for red is dominant, so R = red, r = yellow.

Then it says: “The yellow petal flower is a hybrid (Rr)” — but if R is dominant, then Rr would be red, not yellow. Contradiction.

Ah — likely typo or misstatement. Probably meant:

→ Red petal is dominant → allele R
→ Yellow petal is recessive → allele r
→ So yellow flower must be rr, not Rr.

But the problem says: “The yellow petal flower is a hybrid (Rr)” — which contradicts dominance rules.

Wait — maybe they mean:
“Red petal is dominant (so RR or Rr = red)”
“The yellow petal flower is a hybrid” — but that can’t be, because hybrid = heterozygous = Rr = red.

This seems like an error in the worksheet.

But looking at context — perhaps they meant:

> One parent: red petal, homozygous dominant → RR
> Other parent: yellow petal, which must be rr (recessive) — but they wrote “hybrid (Rr)” by mistake?

OR — maybe “yellow petal flower is a hybrid” means it carries one yellow allele? But still, if R is dominant, Rr = red.

I think the intended meaning is:

Parent 1: Red petal, genotype RR
Parent 2: Yellow petal, genotype rr (because yellow is recessive) — even though it says “hybrid (Rr)”, that must be a mistake.

Alternatively, maybe they meant:
“The red petal is dominant (R), the yellow is recessive (r). One flower is RR (red), the other is Rr (also red, but called ‘hybrid’)” — but then crossing RR × Rr gives no yellow flowers.

But the question says: “Determine new plant offspring.” — implying we need to find possible colors.

Given confusion, let’s assume standard genetics:

If red is dominant (R), yellow is recessive (r):

- Parent 1: RR (red)
- Parent 2: If it's "hybrid" and yellow — impossible. So likely, “yellow petal flower is a hybrid” is wrong — should be rr.

But wait — maybe “hybrid” here just means heterozygous, and they’re saying the yellow-flowered plant is actually Rr? That would violate dominance.

Another possibility: Maybe “yellow petal is dominant”? But the problem says “red petal is dominant”.

I think safest assumption: There’s a typo. They meant:

> One flower: red, genotype RR
> Other flower: yellow, genotype rr (recessive)

Because otherwise it doesn’t make sense.

So cross: RR × rr

Gametes:
- RR → only R
- rr → only r

Offspring: all Rr → all red petals (since R dominant)

Punnett Square:

```
R R
r Rr Rr
r Rr Rr
```

All offspring: Rr → red petals.

✔ Final Answer for Problem 3: All offspring will have red petals (genotype Rr).

*(Note: If the worksheet truly meant the yellow flower is Rr, then crossing RR × Rr gives 50% RR, 50% Rr — all red. Still no yellow. So either way, no yellow offspring.)*

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Problem 4: Seed Pods (Smooth SS × Wrinkled ss)

- Smooth seed pod: SS (dominant)
- Wrinkled seed pod: ss (recessive)

Cross: SS × ss

Gametes:
- SS → only S
- ss → only s

Offspring: all Ss → smooth seed pods (since S dominant)

Punnett Square:

```
S S
s Ss Ss
s Ss Ss
```

All offspring: Ss → smooth seed pods.

✔ Final Answer for Problem 4: All offspring will have smooth seed pods (genotype Ss).

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Final Answer:

Problem 1: All children will have brown eyes (Bb).
Problem 2: Half curly hair (Cc), half straight hair (cc).
Problem 3: All offspring will have red petals (Rr).
Problem 4: All offspring will have smooth seed pods (Ss).