Reflection of light diagram showing incident and reflected rays with angle labels.

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Worksheet: Refraction and Reflection (Questions)

#### Diagram 1:
- A light ray enters a block of glass from air.
- The angle between the incident ray and the normal is labeled as θ₁ = 30°.
- The refracted ray bends toward the normal inside the glass.
- The angle between the refracted ray and the normal is θ₂ = 20°.

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Q1. What is the name of the angle between the incident ray and the normal?

✔ Answer: The angle between the incident ray and the normal is called the angle of incidence.

> ✔ Correct choice: a) Angle of incidence

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Q2. What is the name of the angle between the refracted ray and the normal?

✔ Answer: The angle between the refracted ray and the normal is called the angle of refraction.

> ✔ Correct choice: b) Angle of refraction

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Q3. Which law states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection?

✔ Answer: This is the law of reflection.

> ✔ Correct choice: a) The law of reflection

> ⚠️ Note: This law applies to reflection, not refraction. In refraction, the angles are not equal — they're related by Snell’s Law:
>
> $$
> n_1 \sin(\theta_1) = n_2 \sin(\theta_2)
> $$

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Diagram 2:

- A pencil is placed in a glass of water.
- The pencil appears bent at the water surface due to refraction.
- The light rays bend as they move from water to air.

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Q4. Which of the following statements is false?

Let’s evaluate each option:

#### a) Light rays that are perpendicular to the surface when they enter a liquid travel normal to the surface.

✔ True – Light rays entering perpendicularly (normal incidence) do not bend; they continue straight.

#### b) When light travels from air into water, it bends toward the normal.

✔ True – Water has a higher refractive index than air, so light bends toward the normal.

#### c) The bending is due to the change in speed of light as it moves from one medium to another.

✔ True – Refraction occurs because light changes speed in different media.

#### d) The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of refraction.

✘ False – This is only true if the two media have the same refractive index or if the light is traveling normal to the surface. In general, angle of incidence ≠ angle of refraction.

> ✔ Correct answer: d) — this statement is false.

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✔ Final Answers:

| Question | Answer |
|--------|--------|
| Q1 | a) Angle of incidence |
| Q2 | b) Angle of refraction |
| Q3 | a) The law of reflection |
| Q4 | d) The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of refraction |

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🔍 Explanation Summary:

- Angle of incidence → Between incident ray and normal.
- Angle of refraction → Between refracted ray and normal.
- Law of reflection → Angle of incidence = angle of reflection (for reflected rays).
- Refraction → Bending due to speed change; angles are not equal unless special conditions.
- Pencil in water → Appears bent due to refraction at the air-water interface.

Let me know if you'd like a diagram explanation or help with Snell’s Law calculations!