Transcription & Translation Summary worksheet showing DNA, mRNA, tRNA, and amino acid sequences for two examples.

Let's solve Example #1 and Example #2 step by step based on the Transcription & Translation Summary worksheet.

We'll follow the instructions:

a. Fill in the complementary DNA strand
b. Fill in the mRNA bases (transcribed from the bottom DNA strand)
c. Fill in the tRNA bases (anti-codons that pair with mRNA codons)
d. Translate the mRNA codons to find the correct amino acids

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🔬 Key Rules:

- DNA base pairing: A ↔ T, G ↔ C
- mRNA transcription: RNA uses U instead of T; transcribed from the template strand (bottom DNA strand)
- So: DNA → mRNA: A → U, T → A, G → C, C → G
- tRNA anticodons: Complementary to mRNA codons (but written in reverse order)
- Amino acid translation: Use the genetic code table (see below)

---

## ✔ Example #1

Given DNA (top strand):
`A T G G T A G C T A A C C T T`

So, we need to determine:
- Bottom DNA (complementary strand)
- mRNA (transcribed from bottom DNA)
- tRNA (anti-codons for mRNA)
- Amino acids (from mRNA codons)

---

Step a: Complementary DNA Strand

Top DNA:
`A T G G T A G C T A A C C T T`
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
Complement:
`T A C C A T C G A T T G G A A`

> Remember: A↔T, G↔C

So, Bottom DNA strand is:
`T A C C A T C G A T T G G A A`

---

Step b: mRNA (transcribed from bottom DNA)

mRNA is complementary to the bottom DNA strand (template strand), but with U instead of T.

Bottom DNA:
`T A C C A T C G A T T G G A A`
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
mRNA:
`A U G G U A G C U A A C C U U`

> Rule:
- T → A
- A → U
- C → G
- G → C

So, mRNA: `AUG GUAGCUAACCUU`

Wait — let’s break it into codons (3 bases):

mRNA: `AUG GUA GCU AAC CUU`

---

Step c: tRNA Anticodons

tRNA anticodons are complementary to mRNA codons.

| mRNA Codon | tRNA Anticodon |
|------------|----------------|
| AUG | UAC |
| GUA | CAU |
| GCU | CGA |
| AAC | UUG |
| CUU | GAA |

So, tRNA anticodons:
`UAC CAU CGA UUG GAA`

---

Step d: Amino Acids

Now translate mRNA codons using the genetic code:

| mRNA Codon | Amino Acid |
|------------|------------|
| AUG | Methionine (Met) – Start codon |
| GUA | Valine (Val) |
| GCU | Alanine (Ala) |
| AAC | Asparagine (Asn) |
| CUU | Leucine (Leu) |

So, Amino Acids:
Met - Val - Ala - Asn - Leu

---

✔ Final Answer for Example #1:

```
DNA (top): A T G G T A G C T A A C C T T
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
DNA (bottom): T A C C A T C G A T T G G A A

mRNA: A U G G U A G C U A A C C U U

tRNA: U A C C A U C G A U U G G A A

Amino Acids: Met - Val - Ala - Asn - Leu
```

---

## ✔ Example #2

Given DNA (top strand):
`C A G G A A T T G C T C G A T`

So again:

Step a: Complementary DNA Strand

Top DNA:
`C A G G A A T T G C T C G A T`
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
Complement:
`G T C C T T A A C G A G C T A`

So, Bottom DNA strand:
`G T C C T T A A C G A G C T A`

---

Step b: mRNA (transcribed from bottom DNA)

Bottom DNA:
`G T C C T T A A C G A G C T A`
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
mRNA:
`C A G G A A U U C G U C G A U`

Break into codons:
`CAG GAA UUC GUC GAU`

---

Step c: tRNA Anticodons

| mRNA Codon | tRNA Anticodon |
|------------|----------------|
| CAG | GUC |
| GAA | CUU |
| UUC | AAG |
| GUC | CAG |
| GAU | CUA |

So, tRNA: `GUC CUU AAG CAG CUA`

---

Step d: Amino Acids

| mRNA Codon | Amino Acid |
|------------|------------|
| CAG | Glutamine (Gln) |
| GAA | Glutamic acid (Glu) |
| UUC | Phenylalanine (Phe) |
| GUC | Valine (Val) |
| GAU | Aspartic acid (Asp) |

So, Amino Acids:
Gln - Glu - Phe - Val - Asp

---

✔ Final Answer for Example #2:

```
DNA (top): C A G G A A T T G C T C G A T
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
DNA (bottom): G T C C T T A A C G A G C T A

mRNA: C A G G A A U U C G U C G A U

tRNA: G U C C U U A A G C A G C U A

Amino Acids: Gln - Glu - Phe - Val - Asp
```

---

## 🧠 Summary of Answers:

Example #1:

- Complementary DNA: `TACCATCGATTGGAA`
- mRNA: `AUGGUAGCUAACCUU`
- tRNA: `UACCAUCGAUUGGAA`
- Amino Acids: Met - Val - Ala - Asn - Leu

Example #2:

- Complementary DNA: `GT CCTTAACGAGCTA`
- mRNA: `CAGGAAUUCGUCGAU`
- tRNA: `GUC CUU AAG CAG CUA`
- Amino Acids: Gln - Glu - Phe - Val - Asp

---

✔ You can now fill these answers into your worksheet accordingly!

Let me know if you'd like a visual diagram or printable version!