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Comparison of DNA sequences in normal and sickle cell hemoglobin, illustrating the genetic mutation responsible for sickle cell anemia.

Diagram showing DNA sequences for normal and sickle cell hemoglobin, highlighting the mutation causing sickle cell anemia.

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Show Answer Key & Explanations Step-by-step solution for: Explore DNA, Proteins, and Sickle Cell Disease

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1. The mutation in DNA #1Bb changes the sixth codon from GAG to GTG.
2. This alters the amino acid sequence, replacing glutamic acid with valine at position 6 of the beta-globin chain.
3. The substitution of valine (hydrophobic) for glutamic acid (hydrophilic) causes hemoglobin molecules to stick together under low oxygen conditions.
4. This results in red blood cells deforming into a sickle shape, leading to blocked blood flow, pain, and organ damage.
5. The sickled cells also have a shorter lifespan, causing chronic anemia.

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