Worksheet on solutions and solubility with a table and related questions.

I will solve this problem by carefully analyzing the provided solubility table and answering each question based on the data presented.

Step 1: Understand the Table

The table shows the solubility of different substances (sodium chloride, sucrose, potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride) in various solvents (water, ethanol, acetone, vegetable oil). The symbols indicate:
- ✓ = soluble
- ✗ = insoluble
- ✓✓ = very soluble

Step 2: Answer Each Question

#### (a) Which substances are soluble in isopropyl alcohol?
Looking at the "Isopropyl alcohol" column, we see that all four substances have a checkmark (✓), meaning they are all soluble in isopropyl alcohol.
Answer: Sodium chloride, sucrose, potassium nitrate, and ammonium chloride.

#### (b) Which substance(s) do not dissolve in water?
In the "Water" column, sodium chloride, sucrose, potassium nitrate, and ammonium chloride all have checkmarks (✓ or ✓✓), indicating they are soluble. None have an ✗.
Answer: None of the substances listed are insoluble in water.

#### (c) Which substances are soluble in water but not benzene?
We need to find substances with ✓ or ✓✓ in "Water" and ✗ in "Benzene".
- Sodium chloride: ✓ in water, ✗ in benzene → Yes
- Sucrose: ✓ in water, ✗ in benzene → Yes
- Potassium nitrate: ✓ in water, ✗ in benzene → Yes
- Ammonium chloride: ✓ in water, ✗ in benzene → Yes
All four substances fit this criterion.
Answer: Sodium chloride, sucrose, potassium nitrate, and ammonium chloride.

#### (d) Which is the least soluble substance?
To determine the least soluble substance, we look for the one with the most ✗ marks across all solvents.
- Sodium chloride: 3 ✓, 2 ✗ (benzene, vegetable oil)
- Sucrose: 3 ✓, 2 ✗ (benzene, vegetable oil)
- Potassium nitrate: 4 ✓, 1 ✗ (vegetable oil)
- Ammonium chloride: 5 ✓, 0 ✗
Sodium chloride and sucrose both have 2 ✗ marks, making them the least soluble overall.
Answer: Sodium chloride and sucrose are the least soluble substances.

#### (e) Which is the most soluble substance?
The most soluble substance will have the most ✓ or ✓✓ marks.
- Ammonium chloride: 5 ✓ (all solvents)
- Potassium nitrate: 4 ✓, 1 ✗
- Sodium chloride: 3 ✓, 2 ✗
- Sucrose: 3 ✓, 2 ✗
Ammonium chloride is soluble in all five solvents tested.
Answer: Ammonium chloride is the most soluble substance.

#### (f) Which is the most effective solvent?
The most effective solvent will have the most ✓ or ✓✓ marks across all substances.
- Water: 4 ✓✓ (all substances)
- Ethanol: 3 ✓, 1 ✗ (sodium chloride)
- Acetone: 3 ✓, 1 ✗ (sodium chloride)
- Benzene: 0 ✓, 4 ✗ (all substances)
- Vegetable oil: 1 ✓, 3 ✗ (only sucrose)
- Isopropyl alcohol: 4 ✓ (all substances)
Water and isopropyl alcohol both dissolve all four substances. However, water has ✓✓ for all, indicating "very soluble," while isopropyl alcohol has ✓ for all, indicating just "soluble." Therefore, water is more effective.
Answer: Water is the most effective solvent.

Final Answers:

(a) Sodium chloride, sucrose, potassium nitrate, and ammonium chloride.
(b) None of the substances listed are insoluble in water.
(c) Sodium chloride, sucrose, potassium nitrate, and ammonium chloride.
(d) Sodium chloride and sucrose.
(e) Ammonium chloride.
(f) Water.