Educational worksheet for ages 11-14 focusing on the Stone Age, including a table to complete and analogy exercises.

Let's solve the two parts of this worksheet step by step.

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1. COMPLETE THE TABLE: The Three Periods of the Stone Age

We need to fill in the table summarizing the three periods of the Stone Age:

| Stone Age Periods | Start | Way of Living | End |
|-------------------|-------|----------------|-----|
| 1. Paleolithic Period | 2.5 million years ago | Hunting and gathering | ~10,000 years ago |
| 2. Mesolithic Period | ~10,000 years ago | Hunting, fishing, and early agriculture | ~8,000 years ago |
| 3. Neolithic Period | ~8,000 years ago | Farming, domestication of animals, permanent settlements | ~3,000 years ago |

Explanation:
- Paleolithic (Old Stone Age): Lasted from about 2.5 million years ago until around 10,000 years ago. People were nomadic, living by hunting animals and gathering plants.
- Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age): A transitional period from about 10,000 to 8,000 years ago. As the ice age ended, people started using smaller tools and began fishing and gathering more intensively. Early forms of agriculture started appearing.
- Neolithic (New Stone Age): From about 8,000 to 3,000 years ago. This was the time when humans developed farming, domesticated animals, built permanent homes, and created villages.

So the completed table is:

| Stone Age Periods | Start | Way of Living | End |
|-------------------|-------|----------------|-----|
| 1. Paleolithic Period | 2.5 million years ago | Hunting and gathering | ~10,000 years ago |
| 2. Mesolithic Period | ~10,000 years ago | Hunting, fishing, and early agriculture | ~8,000 years ago |
| 3. Neolithic Period | ~8,000 years ago | Farming and domestication | ~3,000 years ago |

> Note: "Hunting and early agriculture" in the original table seems to be a mix-up — it should be associated with Mesolithic, not Paleolithic. Paleolithic was mainly hunting and gathering, while early agriculture starts in the Mesolithic/Neolithic.

But since the table has “hunting and early agriculture” under the first row, and that’s likely meant for Mesolithic, we can infer that the table may have an error. Let’s correct it accordingly.

Actually, looking at the structure:
- Row 1: Start = 2.5 million years ago → must be Paleolithic
- But "hunting and early agriculture" doesn’t fit Paleolithic.

So probably the “Way of Living” column is misaligned.

Let’s fix the table based on historical facts:

✔ Corrected Table:

| Stone Age Periods | Start | Way of Living | End |
|-------------------|-------|----------------|-----|
| 1. Paleolithic Period | 2.5 million years ago | Hunting and gathering | ~10,000 years ago |
| 2. Mesolithic Period | ~10,000 years ago | Hunting, fishing, and gathering (transition to agriculture) | ~8,000 years ago |
| 3. Neolithic Period | ~8,000 years ago | Farming, animal domestication, settled life | ~3,000 years ago |

So the blanks are:
1. Paleolithic Period – Start: 2.5 million years ago; Way of Living: Hunting and gathering; End: ~10,000 years ago
2. Mesolithic Period – Start: ~10,000 years ago; Way of Living: Hunting, fishing, and gathering; End: ~8,000 years ago
3. Neolithic Period – Start: ~8,000 years ago; Way of Living: Farming and domestication; End: ~3,000 years ago

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2. ANALOGY QUESTIONS

We are to find the relationship between the first pair and apply it to the second.

#### 1. Paleolithic : Old Stone Age
→ Mesolithic : ?

- Relationship: *Paleolithic* is the scientific term, *Old Stone Age* is the common name.
- So, Mesolithic = Middle Stone Age

✔ Answer: Middle Stone Age

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#### 2. Hunters : Birds and wild animals
→ Gatherers : ?

- Hunters catch birds and wild animals.
- Gatherers collect edible plants, fruits, nuts, roots, etc.
- So, the analogy is: what do gatherers collect?

✔ Answer: Plants and edible roots / Fruits and nuts / Wild plants

Best answer: Plants and wild foods or simply Plants

✔ Answer: Plants

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#### 3. Paleolithic : Animals were hunted
→ Neolithic : Animals were ?

- In Paleolithic, animals were hunted for food.
- In Neolithic, animals were domesticated (raised for food, labor, etc.)

✔ Answer: Domesticated

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#### 4. Large flakes : Weapon
→ Sharper flakes : ?

- Large flakes were used as weapons (e.g., spear points).
- Sharper flakes were used for tools like scrapers, knives, or cutting tools.

The relationship is: type of stone tool → its use.
Large flakes → weapon
Sharper flakes → tool (or more specifically, cutting tool)

✔ Answer: Tool or Cutting tool

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#### 5. Gwion Gwion : Rock painting
→ Lowenmensch : ?

- Gwion Gwion refers to rock paintings (art) found in Australia.
- Lowenmensch means "Lion Man" — a famous sculpture from Germany, carved from mammoth ivory, depicting a human with a lion’s head.
- It is a sculpture or figurine.

So, just as Gwion Gwion art is rock painting, Lowenmensch is a sculpture.

✔ Answer: Sculpture

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✔ Final Answers:

#### Table Completion:

| Stone Age Periods | Start | Way of Living | End |
|-------------------|-------|----------------|-----|
| 1. Paleolithic Period | 2.5 million years ago | Hunting and gathering | ~10,000 years ago |
| 2. Mesolithic Period | ~10,000 years ago | Hunting, fishing, and gathering | ~8,000 years ago |
| 3. Neolithic Period | ~8,000 years ago | Farming and domestication | ~3,000 years ago |

#### Analogy Answers:

1. Middle Stone Age
2. Plants
3. Domesticated
4. Tool (or Cutting tool)
5. Sculpture

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Let me know if you'd like this formatted as a printable answer sheet!