1. DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA before cell division.
2. It occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.
3. The process begins at specific sites called origins of replication.
4. Enzymes such as helicase unwind the double helix, creating a replication fork.
5. Single-strand binding proteins stabilize the separated strands.
6. Topoisomerase prevents supercoiling ahead of the replication fork.
7. Primase synthesizes a short RNA primer to provide a starting point for DNA polymerase.
8. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing strand, following the base-pairing rules (A-T, C-G).
9. The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the 5' to 3' direction.
10. The lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments called Okazaki fragments.
11. DNA ligase joins the Okazaki fragments together.
12. The process is semi-conservative, meaning each new DNA molecule has one original strand and one new strand.
13. Proofreading and repair mechanisms correct errors during replication.
14. Replication is essential for cell division and the transmission of genetic information.
15. Errors in replication can lead to mutations and genetic disorders.
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of the blueprint of life worksheet answers.
