Solved PART C: The diagram below shows six cells in various ... - Free Printable
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Step-by-step solution for: Solved PART C: The diagram below shows six cells in various ...
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Show Answer Key & Explanations
Step-by-step solution for: Solved PART C: The diagram below shows six cells in various ...
Let’s go step by step through each question. We’ll use the diagram of the six cells (A–F) and the cell cycle pie chart to answer everything.
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1. Cells A & F show an early and a late stage of the same phase of the cell cycle. What phase is it?
Look at Cell A: Chromosomes are starting to condense, nuclear envelope is breaking down, spindle fibers are forming — this is early prophase.
Cell F: Chromosomes are fully condensed, aligned near center but not yet in perfect line — actually, wait — looking again, in F, chromosomes are still scattered but attached to spindles — that’s also prophase, maybe late prophase or prometaphase. But since both A and F show chromosomes condensing and spindle forming, they’re both in prophase.
✔ Answer: Prophase
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2. Which cell is in metaphase?
Metaphase = chromosomes lined up in the middle (equator) of the cell.
Look at Cell C: All chromosomes are neatly lined up across the center. That’s classic metaphase.
✔ Answer: C
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3. Which cell is in interphase?
Interphase = nucleus is intact, no visible chromosomes (they’re chromatin), cell is growing/preparing.
Cell D: Has a clear nucleus with grainy material inside (chromatin), no spindle, no condensed chromosomes → that’s interphase.
✔ Answer: D
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4. In cell A, what structure is labeled X?
In Cell A, X points to the star-like structures at opposite poles — those are centrioles (in animal cells) organizing the spindle fibers.
✔ Answer: Centriole (or centrosome/spindle pole)
*(Note: Some curricula call them “spindle poles” or “centrosomes.” Centriole is acceptable for animal cells.)*
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5. List the diagrams in order from first to last in the cell cycle.
We need to put them in mitotic order + interphase first.
Start with Interphase → Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase → Cytokinesis
- D = Interphase
- A = Early Prophase
- F = Late Prophase / Prometaphase
- C = Metaphase
- E = Anaphase (chromatids pulled apart)
- B = Telophase + Cytokinesis (two nuclei forming, cell pinching)
So order: D → A → F → C → E → B
✔ Answer: D, A, F, C, E, B
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6. Are the cells depicted plant or animal cells?
Look at Cell B: The cell is pinching in the middle — that’s cleavage furrow, which happens in animal cells.
Plant cells form a cell plate instead.
Also, centrioles are present (seen in A and others) — plants usually don’t have centrioles.
✔ Answer: Animal cells
A. Explain your answer.
Because the cells show cleavage furrows (like in Cell B) and have centrioles (like in Cell A), which are features of animal cells. Plant cells would show cell plates and lack centrioles.
B. If it were the other type of cell what would be different in the diagrams?
If these were plant cells:
- No centrioles (so no star-shaped structures at poles)
- During cytokinesis (Cell B), instead of pinching, there would be a cell plate forming in the middle
- Cell shape might be more rectangular/rigid due to cell wall
✔ Answer for B:
*There would be no centrioles, and during division, a cell plate would form instead of the cell pinching inward.*
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7. What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?
From the pie chart: Interphase includes G1, S, and G2 — together they make up most of the cycle.
Mitosis (M phase) is short.
✔ Answer: Interphase
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8. State three reasons why mitosis is important for a healthy organism.
Mitosis makes identical copies of cells.
Reasons:
1. Growth – allows organism to get bigger by adding more cells.
2. Repair – replaces damaged or dead cells (like skin or blood cells).
3. Replacement – renews tissues that wear out (e.g., lining of gut, hair, nails).
✔ Answer:
- For growth
- To repair damaged tissues
- To replace old or worn-out cells
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9. What is happening in G1 and G2?
From the pie chart:
G1 period: Cell grows, makes proteins and organelles, prepares for DNA replication.
G2 period: Cell grows more, checks DNA for errors, prepares for mitosis (makes spindle proteins, etc.).
✔ Answer:
- G1: Cell grows and carries out normal functions; prepares for DNA synthesis.
- G2: Cell grows more, checks DNA, and prepares for mitosis.
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10. Predict what would happen if cells divided uncontrollably.
Uncontrolled cell division = too many cells, no regulation.
This leads to tumors, cancer, organ failure, death.
✔ Answer:
*It could lead to cancer, where abnormal masses of cells (tumors) grow and damage organs, potentially causing serious illness or death.*
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Final Answer:
1. Prophase
2. C
3. D
4. Centriole (or spindle pole/centrosome)
5. D, A, F, C, E, B
6. Animal cells
A. Because they show cleavage furrows and centrioles, which are found in animal cells.
B. Plant cells would have cell plates instead of cleavage furrows and no centrioles.
7. Interphase
8. - For growth
- To repair damaged tissues
- To replace old or worn-out cells
9. G1: Cell grows and prepares for DNA replication. G2: Cell grows more, checks DNA, and prepares for mitosis.
10. It could cause cancer, leading to tumors and organ damage.
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1. Cells A & F show an early and a late stage of the same phase of the cell cycle. What phase is it?
Look at Cell A: Chromosomes are starting to condense, nuclear envelope is breaking down, spindle fibers are forming — this is early prophase.
Cell F: Chromosomes are fully condensed, aligned near center but not yet in perfect line — actually, wait — looking again, in F, chromosomes are still scattered but attached to spindles — that’s also prophase, maybe late prophase or prometaphase. But since both A and F show chromosomes condensing and spindle forming, they’re both in prophase.
✔ Answer: Prophase
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2. Which cell is in metaphase?
Metaphase = chromosomes lined up in the middle (equator) of the cell.
Look at Cell C: All chromosomes are neatly lined up across the center. That’s classic metaphase.
✔ Answer: C
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3. Which cell is in interphase?
Interphase = nucleus is intact, no visible chromosomes (they’re chromatin), cell is growing/preparing.
Cell D: Has a clear nucleus with grainy material inside (chromatin), no spindle, no condensed chromosomes → that’s interphase.
✔ Answer: D
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4. In cell A, what structure is labeled X?
In Cell A, X points to the star-like structures at opposite poles — those are centrioles (in animal cells) organizing the spindle fibers.
✔ Answer: Centriole (or centrosome/spindle pole)
*(Note: Some curricula call them “spindle poles” or “centrosomes.” Centriole is acceptable for animal cells.)*
---
5. List the diagrams in order from first to last in the cell cycle.
We need to put them in mitotic order + interphase first.
Start with Interphase → Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase → Cytokinesis
- D = Interphase
- A = Early Prophase
- F = Late Prophase / Prometaphase
- C = Metaphase
- E = Anaphase (chromatids pulled apart)
- B = Telophase + Cytokinesis (two nuclei forming, cell pinching)
So order: D → A → F → C → E → B
✔ Answer: D, A, F, C, E, B
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6. Are the cells depicted plant or animal cells?
Look at Cell B: The cell is pinching in the middle — that’s cleavage furrow, which happens in animal cells.
Plant cells form a cell plate instead.
Also, centrioles are present (seen in A and others) — plants usually don’t have centrioles.
✔ Answer: Animal cells
A. Explain your answer.
Because the cells show cleavage furrows (like in Cell B) and have centrioles (like in Cell A), which are features of animal cells. Plant cells would show cell plates and lack centrioles.
B. If it were the other type of cell what would be different in the diagrams?
If these were plant cells:
- No centrioles (so no star-shaped structures at poles)
- During cytokinesis (Cell B), instead of pinching, there would be a cell plate forming in the middle
- Cell shape might be more rectangular/rigid due to cell wall
✔ Answer for B:
*There would be no centrioles, and during division, a cell plate would form instead of the cell pinching inward.*
---
7. What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?
From the pie chart: Interphase includes G1, S, and G2 — together they make up most of the cycle.
Mitosis (M phase) is short.
✔ Answer: Interphase
---
8. State three reasons why mitosis is important for a healthy organism.
Mitosis makes identical copies of cells.
Reasons:
1. Growth – allows organism to get bigger by adding more cells.
2. Repair – replaces damaged or dead cells (like skin or blood cells).
3. Replacement – renews tissues that wear out (e.g., lining of gut, hair, nails).
✔ Answer:
- For growth
- To repair damaged tissues
- To replace old or worn-out cells
---
9. What is happening in G1 and G2?
From the pie chart:
G1 period: Cell grows, makes proteins and organelles, prepares for DNA replication.
G2 period: Cell grows more, checks DNA for errors, prepares for mitosis (makes spindle proteins, etc.).
✔ Answer:
- G1: Cell grows and carries out normal functions; prepares for DNA synthesis.
- G2: Cell grows more, checks DNA, and prepares for mitosis.
---
10. Predict what would happen if cells divided uncontrollably.
Uncontrolled cell division = too many cells, no regulation.
This leads to tumors, cancer, organ failure, death.
✔ Answer:
*It could lead to cancer, where abnormal masses of cells (tumors) grow and damage organs, potentially causing serious illness or death.*
---
Final Answer:
1. Prophase
2. C
3. D
4. Centriole (or spindle pole/centrosome)
5. D, A, F, C, E, B
6. Animal cells
A. Because they show cleavage furrows and centrioles, which are found in animal cells.
B. Plant cells would have cell plates instead of cleavage furrows and no centrioles.
7. Interphase
8. - For growth
- To repair damaged tissues
- To replace old or worn-out cells
9. G1: Cell grows and prepares for DNA replication. G2: Cell grows more, checks DNA, and prepares for mitosis.
10. It could cause cancer, leading to tumors and organ damage.
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of the cell cycle and mitosis worksheet.
