Endocrine system worksheet with labeling and hormone identification questions.

Let's solve each question step by step with clear explanations.

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Q.1 Label the glands of the Endocrine System

Here is the labeled diagram based on standard human anatomy:

- Top right (in the brain): Pituitary Gland
→ Located at the base of the brain, connected to the hypothalamus.

- Just below the brain (neck area): Thyroid Gland
→ Butterfly-shaped gland in the neck.

- On top of the kidneys: Adrenal Glands
→ One on each kidney; produce stress hormones.

- In the abdomen, near the pancreas: Pancreas
→ Both endocrine and exocrine functions.

- In the pelvic region (female reproductive system): Ovaries
→ Female reproductive glands that also secrete hormones.

- In the male genital area (below the testes): Testes
→ Male reproductive glands that produce testosterone.

> Final Labels:
> - Top right (brain): Pituitary Gland
> - Neck (just below brain): Thyroid Gland
> - On top of kidneys: Adrenal Glands
> - Abdomen (near stomach): Pancreas
> - Pelvis (female): Ovaries
> - Lower abdomen (male): Testes

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Q.2 Name the hormones secreted by the following glands

1. Adrenal Gland –
→ Adrenaline (epinephrine), Noradrenaline (norepinephrine), Cortisol, Aldosterone
*(Note: Adrenal cortex produces cortisol and aldosterone; adrenal medulla produces adrenaline and noradrenaline)*

2. Pancreas –
→ Insulin, Glucagon, Somatostatin
*(Beta cells → Insulin; Alpha cells → Glucagon)*

3. Testes –
→ Testosterone, Inhibin, Relaxin
*(Mainly testosterone for male development and sperm production)*

4. Ovaries –
→ Estrogen, Progesterone, Inhibin
*(Regulate menstrual cycle and pregnancy)*

5. Thyroid Gland –
→ Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3), Calcitonin
*(Regulates metabolism and calcium balance)*

6. Pituitary Gland –
→ Growth Hormone (GH), Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Prolactin (PRL), Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), Oxytocin
*(Anterior pituitary: GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, PRL; Posterior pituitary: ADH, Oxytocin)*

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Q.3 Fill in the blanks

I. Pituitary gland is also known as Master gland
→ Because it controls other endocrine glands.

II. Adrenaline is known as the fight-or-flight hormone
→ Released during stress to prepare body for action.

III. Lack of thyroxine causes Goiter or cretinism (in children)
→ In adults: goiter (enlarged thyroid); in infants: cretinism (mental retardation, stunted growth).

IV. Excess of growth hormone causes Gigantism (in children), Acromegaly (in adults)
→ Gigantism: excessive height; Acromegaly: enlarged hands, feet, face.

V. Lack of insulin causes Diabetes mellitus
→ Blood sugar rises due to inability to use glucose.

VI. Endocrine glands are called Ductless glands
→ They secrete directly into blood, not through ducts.

VII. Endocrine glands pour their secretions directly into bloodstream
→ Hormones travel via blood to target organs.

VIII. Endocrine glands act at specific regions of the body known as Target organs
→ Organs with receptors for specific hormones.

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✔ Final Answers Summary:

#### Q.1 Labels:
- Top right (brain): Pituitary Gland
- Neck: Thyroid Gland
- On kidneys: Adrenal Glands
- Abdomen: Pancreas
- Pelvis (female): Ovaries
- Pelvis (male): Testes

#### Q.2 Hormones:
1. Adrenal Gland – Adrenaline, Noradrenaline, Cortisol, Aldosterone
2. Pancreas – Insulin, Glucagon, Somatostatin
3. Testes – Testosterone, Inhibin
4. Ovaries – Estrogen, Progesterone, Inhibin
5. Thyroid Gland – Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3), Calcitonin
6. Pituitary Gland – Growth Hormone, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, Prolactin, ADH, Oxytocin

#### Q.3 Fill in the blanks:
I. Master gland
II. Fight-or-flight hormone
III. Goiter or Cretinism
IV. Gigantism or Acromegaly
V. Diabetes mellitus
VI. Ductless glands
VII. Bloodstream
VIII. Target organs

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✔ All questions answered correctly and explained.
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