Practice worksheet for transcription and translation of DNA sequences into amino acid sequences.

Let's solve this Transcription and Translation Practice problem step by step.

We are given several DNA sequences, and we need to:

1. Transcribe the DNA into mRNA (using the rules of complementary base pairing).
2. Translate the mRNA into a sequence of amino acids using the genetic code.

---

🔬 Rules:

- DNA → mRNA (Transcription):
- A → U
- T → A
- G → C
- C → G
- Note: RNA uses Uracil (U) instead of Thymine (T)

- mRNA → Amino Acids (Translation):
- Use the standard genetic code table.
- Each group of three nucleotides in mRNA is a codon, which codes for one amino acid.
- Start at the start codon (AUG) if present; otherwise, just translate from the beginning.

---

Now let’s go through each row.

---

🔹 1st Sequence:

DNA: `TAC CGG GTG AAA TAT GTC ATY`
Wait — there's a typo: "ATY"? That's not a valid nucleotide. Likely it's a typo and should be "ATC" or "ATT". But "ATY" is not standard.

Looking closely: The last codon is "ATY", but Y isn't a nucleotide. Probably a typo.

Let’s assume it's "ATC" (common), or perhaps "ATT"? Let's check context.

But wait — looking at the pattern, maybe it's meant to be "ATC".

Alternatively, could it be "ATG"? No, that would make sense only if it were a start codon.

Wait — actually, "ATY" might be a mistake for "ATC" or "ATT", but more likely it's "ATC".

But let's look at the full sequence again:

> DNA: TAC CGG GTG AAA TAT GTC ATY

Wait — perhaps the last part is "ATC", and “Y” is a typo.

Assuming "ATC", so:
DNA: `TAC CGG GTG AAA TAT GTC ATC`

Now transcribe:

#### Step 1: Transcription (DNA → mRNA)
- DNA: TAC CGG GTG AAA TAT GTC ATC
- mRNA: AUG GCC CAC UUU AUA CAG UAG

(Recall: A→U, T→A, G→C, C→G)

So:
- TAC → AUG
- CGG → GCC
- GTG → CAC
- AAA → UUU
- TAT → AUA
- GTC → CAG
- ATC → UAG

#### Step 2: Translation (mRNA → Amino Acids)

Use codon table:

- AUG → Methionine (Met) (Start)
- GCC → Alanine (Ala)
- CAC → Histidine (His)
- UUU → Phenylalanine (Phe)
- AUA → Isoleucine (Ile)
- CAG → Glutamine (Gln)
- UAG → Stop

So the amino acid sequence is:

Met - Ala - His - Phe - Ile - Gln - Stop

But since it ends with stop, translation stops here.

✔ So answer:
- mRNA: AUG GCC CAC UUU AUA CAG UAG
- AA: Met-Ala-His-Phe-Ile-Gln

---

🔹 2nd Sequence:

DNA: `TAC TEC AAT AAG CGC CAT ATC`

Again, TEC? Not valid. T, E, C? "E" is not a nucleotide.

Probably typo: likely "TGC" or "TAC"?

Wait — maybe it's "TCC"? Or "TAC"?

But "TEC" — perhaps it's "TCC"? Or "TAC"?

Wait — maybe it's "TGC"? Let's think.

Actually, "TEC" is likely a typo for "TAC" or "TCC".

But let's see: the DNA sequence is: `TAC TEC AAT AAG CGC CAT ATC`

If we assume "TEC" → "TAC", then:
DNA: TAC TAC AAT AAG CGC CAT ATC

But that seems odd.

Alternatively, "TEC" → "TCC"? Then:
TAC TCC AAT AAG CGC CAT ATC

That’s possible.

But wait — maybe it's "TGC"? T-G-C?

But "E" is not a base.

Alternatively, could it be "TCT"? Typo for TCT?

Possibility: "TEC" → "TCT"? Then T-A-C T-C-T A-A-T...

But no — "TEC" has an 'E'.

Wait — perhaps it's a formatting issue? Maybe it's supposed to be "TAC TCC AAT..."?

Alternatively, could it be "TAC TAC"?

But let's try to guess: most likely, "TEC" is a typo for "TCC".

Let’s assume:
DNA: `TAC TCC AAT AAG CGC CAT ATC`

Then:

#### Transcription:
- TAC → AUG
- TCC → AGG
- AAT → UUA
- AAG → UUC
- CGC → GCG
- CAT → GUA
- ATC → UAG

So mRNA: AUG AGG UUA UUC GCG GUA UAG

#### Translation:
- AUG → Met
- AGG → Arginine (Arg)
- UUA → Leucine (Leu)
- UUC → Phenylalanine (Phe)
- GCG → Alanine (Ala)
- GUA → Valine (Val)
- UAG → Stop

So AA: Met-Arg-Leu-Phe-Ala-Val

✔ Answer:
- mRNA: AUG AGG UUA UUC GCG GUA UAG
- AA: Met-Arg-Leu-Phe-Ala-Val

---

🔹 3rd Sequence:

DNA: `TAC CCC AAC ACC ATA GGC ATT`

No typos here.

#### Transcription:
- TAC → AUG
- CCC → GGG
- AAC → UUG
- ACC → UGG
- ATA → UAU
- GGC → CCG
- ATT → UAA

So mRNA: AUG GGG UUG UGG UAU CCG UAA

#### Translation:
- AUG → Met
- GGG → Glycine (Gly)
- UUG → Leucine (Leu)
- UGG → Tryptophan (Trp)
- UAU → Tyrosine (Tyr)
- CCG → Proline (Pro)
- UAA → Stop

AA: Met-Gly-Leu-Trp-Tyr-Pro

✔ Answer:
- mRNA: AUG GGG UUG UGG UAU CCG UAA
- AA: Met-Gly-Leu-Trp-Tyr-Pro

---

🔹 4th Sequence:

DNA: `TAC GCA GCA TGG ACC CAG ATT`

#### Transcription:
- TAC → AUG
- GCA → CGU
- GCA → CGU
- TGG → ACC
- ACC → UGG
- CAG → GUC
- ATT → UAA

mRNA: AUG CGU CGU ACC UGG GUC UAA

#### Translation:
- AUG → Met
- CGU → Arginine (Arg)
- CGU → Arg (Arg)
- ACC → Threonine (Thr)
- UGG → Trp
- GUC → Valine (Val)
- UAA → Stop

AA: Met-Arg-Arg-Thr-Trp-Val

✔ Answer:
- mRNA: AUG CGU CGU ACC UGG GUC UAA
- AA: Met-Arg-Arg-Thr-Trp-Val

---

🔹 5th Sequence:

DNA: `GGC TAC CGC GGG GGT CAA ATC`

Note: This starts with GGC, not TAC. So no start codon at beginning?

But let’s transcribe anyway.

#### Transcription:
- GGC → CCG
- TAC → AUG
- CGC → GCG
- GGG → CCC
- GGT → CCA
- CAA → GUU
- ATC → UAG

mRNA: CCG AUG GCG CCC CCA GUU UAG

Now, translation usually starts at AUG.

So we ignore the first codon (CCG), and start at AUG.

So reading frame:
- AUG → Met
- GCG → Ala
- CCC → Pro
- CCA → Pro
- GUU → Val
- UAG → Stop

So AA: Met-Ala-Pro-Pro-Val

✔ Answer:
- mRNA: CCG AUG GCG CCC CCA GUU UAG
- AA: Met-Ala-Pro-Pro-Val

---

🔹 6th Sequence:

DNA: `AGG GAA TAC AAG ACA GAG ATC`

#### Transcription:
- AGG → UCC
- GAA → CUU
- TAC → AUG
- AAG → UUC
- ACA → UGU
- GAG → CUC
- ATC → UAG

mRNA: UCC CUU AUG UUC UGU CUC UAG

Now, translation starts at AUG.

So:
- AUG → Met
- UUC → Phe
- UGU → Cysteine (Cys)
- CUC → Leucine (Leu)
- UAG → Stop

AA: Met-Phe-Cys-Leu

✔ Answer:
- mRNA: UCC CUU AUG UUC UGU CUC UAG
- AA: Met-Phe-Cys-Leu

---

## ✔ Final Answers:

| DNA | mRNA | Amino Acids |
|-----|------|-------------|
| TAC CGG GTG AAA TAT GTC ATC | AUG GCC CAC UUU AUA CAG UAG | Met-Ala-His-Phe-Ile-Gln |
| TAC TCC AAT AAG CGC CAT ATC | AUG AGG UUA UUC GCG GUA UAG | Met-Arg-Leu-Phe-Ala-Val |
| TAC CCC AAC ACC ATA GGC ATT | AUG GGG UUG UGG UAU CCG UAA | Met-Gly-Leu-Trp-Tyr-Pro |
| TAC GCA GCA TGG ACC CAG ATT | AUG CGU CGU ACC UGG GUC UAA | Met-Arg-Arg-Thr-Trp-Val |
| GGC TAC CGC GGG GGT CAA ATC | CCG AUG GCG CCC CCA GUU UAG | Met-Ala-Pro-Pro-Val |
| AGG GAA TAC AAG ACA GAG ATC | UCC CUU AUG UUC UGU CUC UAG | Met-Phe-Cys-Leu |

> ⚠️ Notes:
> - Assumed "ATY" in first sequence was "ATC"
> - Assumed "TEC" in second sequence was "TCC" (likely typo)
> - All translations start at AUG when present
> - Stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) terminate translation

Let me know if you'd like the answers formatted neatly for printing!