Final Answer:
1. A tsunami is a series of large ocean waves caused by underwater disturbances like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides.
2. Another name for tsunami is *tidal wave* (though this is misleading, as tsunamis are not related to tides).
3. Tsunamis are caused by sudden displacement of water due to underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, or meteorite impacts.
4. In deep water, tsunamis can move at speeds up to 500–600 mph (800–1000 km/h); near shore, they slow down to 20–30 mph (30–50 km/h).
5. In the open ocean, tsunami waves are usually less than 1 meter high; near shore, they can grow to 10–30 meters (or more) tall.
6. The size of tsunami waves is influenced by the amount of water displaced, the depth of the ocean, and the shape of the coastline.
7. Tsunamis strike coastal areas—especially low-lying shores, bays, and harbors—where water can rush inland.
8. Most destructive tsunamis have occurred in the Pacific Ocean (e.g., 2004 Indian Ocean, 2011 Japan, 2004 Sumatra).
9. Underwater earthquakes (especially megathrust quakes along subduction zones) most often generate tsunamis.
10. The first wave can reach the beach in minutes (e.g., 10–30 min) after a nearby earthquake or landslide.
11. Areas at risk include coastlines near tectonic plate boundaries, especially around the Pacific Ring of Fire, and islands or low-lying coastal cities.
12. The most common cause of death during a tsunami is drowning due to flooding and being swept away by powerful currents.
13. Other hazards include strong currents, debris impact, fires from broken gas lines, and contaminated water leading to disease outbreaks.
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of tsunami worksheet for middle school.
