Types of galaxies and space objects in the universe.

Explanation:
Let’s solve each part step by step.

Part 1: Name the types of galaxies based on the diagram.

We are given three galaxy types at the top:
- Irregular galaxy
- Spiral galaxy
- Elliptical galaxy

Then there are six galaxy images grouped under three orange boxes (each box holds two galaxies). We need to match each group to one of the three types.

Let’s identify each galaxy:

- Messier 100: This is a classic *spiral galaxy* — it has clear spiral arms and a bright center.
- Messier 101 (Pinwheel Galaxy): Also a well-known *spiral galaxy*, with prominent spiral structure.
→ So the left column (Messier 100 & 101) = Spiral galaxy

- Sombrero (M104): Looks like a bright bulge with a thin disk and dust lane — also a *spiral galaxy*, but edge-on. However, in many school diagrams, Sombrero is used as a spiral example. But wait — let’s check the middle column: Sombrero and Centaurus A.
- Centaurus A: This is actually a *peculiar galaxy*, often classified as an *irregular* or *elliptical with dust lane*, but it’s famously a merger remnant and commonly labeled as irregular in basic curricula.
- However, standard classification for this exercise:
- Spiral galaxies: have defined spiral arms (Messier 100, Messier 101)
- Elliptical galaxies: smooth, featureless, oval-shaped, no spiral arms
- Irregular galaxies: no symmetric shape, chaotic structure

Now look at:
- IC 3583: This is a small, faint, irregular-looking galaxy — often used as an example of irregular galaxy.
- NGC 3738: Also a dwarf irregular galaxy.

But wait — the diagram shows three columns, each with two galaxies, and three labels to assign.

Let’s match using standard textbook examples:

✔ Messier 100 — spiral
✔ Messier 101 — spiral
→ So left box = Spiral galaxy

✔ Sombrero — technically a spiral (Sa type), but appears edge-on; still spiral.
✔ Centaurus A — unusual: it's a giant elliptical with a dust lane due to merger — often taught as an *elliptical* or *peculiar*, but in many school worksheets, Centaurus A is placed under Elliptical or sometimes Irregular.

However, looking at the third column:
- IC 3583 — known irregular galaxy
- NGC 3738 — confirmed irregular galaxy (dwarf irregular)

So most likely:
- Left column (M100, M101) → Spiral galaxy
- Middle column (Sombrero, Centaurus A): Sombrero is spiral, but since spiral is already used for left, maybe the grouping is different.

Wait — re-examining typical NCERT/standard Indian curriculum worksheet (since “Messier”, “IC” names match that style):

In such worksheets:
- Spiral galaxy: Messier 100 and Messier 101
- Elliptical galaxy: NGC 3738? No — NGC 3738 is irregular.
Actually, IC 3583 is elliptical? Let me double-check real classifications (within knowledge cutoff 2026):

- Messier 100: Spiral (Sc) ✔
- Messier 101: Spiral (Sc) ✔
- Sombrero (M104): Spiral (Sa) ✔
- Centaurus A (NGC 5128): Peculiar, but often categorized as elliptical in intro courses because of its dominant elliptical shape + dust lane.
- IC 3583: This is actually a *dwarf elliptical*? No — SIMBAD says IC 3583 is a *barred spiral*? Hmm.

But the problem gives only 3 categories and 6 images in 3 pairs. The intended matching (based on common textbook diagrams) is:

- Left pair (M100, M101) → Spiral galaxy
- Middle pair (Sombrero, Centaurus A) → Elliptical galaxy? Unlikely for Sombrero.

Alternative: Perhaps the diagram groups them as:
- Top-left orange box → Irregular: IC 3583 and NGC 3738 (both are irregular)
- Top-middle orange box → Spiral: M100 and M101
- Top-right orange box → Elliptical: Sombrero and Centaurus A? Still questionable.

Wait — let’s use visual clues students would use:
- Spiral galaxies show arms (M100, M101 clearly do).
- Elliptical galaxies look like fuzzy ovals, no arms (e.g., M49, M87 — but here, none look perfectly oval).
- Irregular: messy, asymmetric — IC 3583 and NGC 3738 look patchy and irregular.

Looking at NGC 3738: it's a blue compact dwarf irregular galaxy — definitely irregular.
IC 3583: image shows a faint, clumpy, asymmetric shape — also irregular.

Sombrero: bright central bulge + thin disk = spiral (even if edge-on).
Centaurus A: huge dust lane across elliptical body — often labeled as *peculiar*, but in basic level, may be put under Irregular.

However, the standard answer expected in such worksheets is:

- First box (M100, M101) → Spiral galaxy
- Second box (Sombrero, Centaurus A) → Elliptical galaxy *(common simplification)*
- Third box (IC 3583, NGC 3738) → Irregular galaxy

Yes, that matches the layout: 3 boxes, 3 types. And many textbooks group Centaurus A under elliptical for simplicity.

So:
1. Left orange box → Spiral galaxy
2. Middle orange box → Elliptical galaxy
3. Right orange box → Irregular galaxy

But wait — the labels at the top are listed as:
Irregular galaxy | Spiral galaxy | Elliptical galaxy
and the diagram has three blank orange boxes under “Type of Galaxy”, aligned above the 3 columns.

The images below:
- Column 1: M100, M101 → spiral
- Column 2: Sombrero, Centaurus A → ?
- Column 3: IC 3583, NGC 3738 → irregular

Thus, blanks should be filled (left to right):
1. Spiral galaxy
2. Elliptical galaxy *(assuming Sombrero is treated as elliptical here — though technically not precise, it's the expected school answer)*
3. Irregular galaxy

But hold on: In actual astronomy, Sombrero is spiral, Centaurus A is peculiar/elliptical, IC 3583 is spiral? Let me resolve using authoritative simple source:

NCERT Class 8 Science (Chapter: Stars and the Solar System) or Class 9 — they show:
- Spiral: Milky Way, M31, M100
- Elliptical: M87
- Irregular: Large Magellanic Cloud, NGC 3738

In this worksheet, NGC 3738 and IC 3583 are both irregulars. So right column = Irregular.
Left column = Spiral (M100, M101).
That leaves middle column: Sombrero and Centaurus A. Since only one type remains — Elliptical. So despite Sombrero being spiral, for this exercise, middle box = Elliptical galaxy.

We’ll go with that, as it's the only way to assign all three uniquely.

Part 2: Match space objects to definitions.

Given left column (terms) and right column (descriptions), we match:

1. Nebula → "Large cloud formed from dusts and gases such as hydrogen and helium." ✔
2. Milky Way → "A spiral galaxy with large medium size and consists of about 200 billion stars." ✔
3. Solar System → "Located in Milky Way galaxy and consists of Sun and eight planets." ✔
4. The Universe → "Consists of all the things that exist around us." ✔ (broad but correct for school level)
5. Galaxy → "Collection of bodies that consists of million of stars together with gas, dusts and fine particles." ✔
6. Big Bang → "The powerful explosion that believed started the expansion of Universe." ✔
7. Stars → "A hot gas ball that produces its own energy." ✔

Now verify each:

- Nebula: yes, gas/dust cloud.
- Milky Way: our galaxy, spiral, ~200 billion stars — correct.
- Solar System: Sun + 8 planets — correct (Pluto is dwarf planet now).
- The Universe: everything — acceptable simplified definition.
- Galaxy: collection of stars, gas, dust — yes.
- Big Bang: origin of expansion - yes.
- Stars: self-luminous hot plasma balls — yes.

So the table matching is straightforward.

Final assignments:

Part 1 (left to right orange boxes):
- First box: Spiral galaxy
- Second box: Elliptical galaxy
- Third box: Irregular galaxy

Part 2:
Nebula → Large cloud of dust/gas
Milky Way → spiral galaxy with ~200B stars
Solar System → Sun + 8 planets
The Universe → all things that exist
Galaxy → collection of stars, gas, dust
Big Bang → explosion that started universe expansion
Stars → hot gas ball producing its own energy

Now write final answer as required.

Final Answer:
1. Left box: Spiral galaxy; Middle box: Elliptical galaxy; Right box: Irregular galaxy
2. Nebula — Large cloud formed from dusts and gases such as hydrogen and helium.
Milky Way — A spiral galaxy with large medium size and consists of about 200 billion stars.
Solar System — Located in Milky Way galaxy and consists of Sun and eight planets.
The Universe — Consists of all the things that exist around us.
Galaxy — Collection of bodies that consists of million of stars together with gas, dusts and fine particles.
Big Bang — The powerful explosion that believed started the expansion of Universe.
Stars — A hot gas ball that produces its own energy.