Worksheet identifying forms of government in different countries.

Let's solve the task from the worksheet titled "Who Rules?". The goal is to identify the form(s) of government for each country described and explain why based on the information provided.

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A. Identify That Government

We are given four countries with descriptions. For each, we need to determine the form(s) of government (from the list: Monarchy, Dictatorship, Representative Democracy, Direct Democracy, Theocracy, Oligarchy). We’ll analyze each one carefully.

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1. Switzerland

> Citizens elect representatives to sit in two different lawmaking assemblies. But citizens also have a direct way to propose their own laws or vote on laws passed by their representatives. Any citizen may draft directly at least three.

#### Analysis:
- Citizens elect representatives → Representative Democracy
- Citizens can propose laws and vote directly on laws → Direct Democracy
- So, this is a combination of both.

✔ Forms of government:
- Representative Democracy
- Direct Democracy

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2. South Africa

> From 1948–1994, official policy in South Africa was white people in the political power. Even though the majority of South Africans were black, they were not allowed to vote. Since 1994, South Africans elected representatives to sit in a lawmaking body.

#### Analysis:
- 1948–1994: Only white people had political power; Black people couldn’t vote → This was an undemocratic system, specifically racial discrimination in power → Dictatorship or Oligarchy?
- Since only a racial group (whites) held power, it’s best described as a Dictatorship (or Apartheid regime), which is a type of authoritarian rule.
- Since 1994: People elect representatives → Representative Democracy

✔ Forms of government:
- Dictatorship (1948–1994)
- Representative Democracy (since 1994)

> Note: The question asks for "the form(s) of government that each country has or had." So we include both historical and current forms.

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3. North Korea

> One man leads North Korea and controls its government. He also controls TV, ruling party, military, etc. The ruling party chooses candidates for an Assembly, and citizens vote, but the candidates are not real opponents, so citizens have no choices.

#### Analysis:
- One person leads and controls everything → Dictatorship
- Elections exist, but no real choice → Not a true democracy
- No free elections → Not representative
- No freedom of expression → Authoritarian control

✔ Form of government:
- Dictatorship

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4. Saudi Arabia

> Saudi Arabia is not by a king. The king appoints a Council of Ministers to help govern, but there are no elections. Saudi Arabia's Basic Law states that the country's constitution is the Islamic law (Sharia). The basic law says that the king must follow the Qur'an and other religious traditions.

#### Analysis:
- Ruled by a king → Monarchy
- No elections → Not democratic
- Sharia (Islamic law) is the basis of governance → Theocracy (a government ruled by religious leaders or based on religious law)
- So, it's a monarchical theocracy

✔ Forms of government:
- Monarchy
- Theocracy

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5. Denmark

> The people of Denmark elect representatives to sit in Parliament, a lawmaking body. The Queen of Denmark is the country's head of state, but she does not have any real political power. The Prime Minister is a prime minister who is appointed from among the elected representatives.

#### Analysis:
- People elect representatives → Representative Democracy
- Queen is ceremonial → Constitutional Monarchy
- So, it's a representative democracy with a constitutional monarchy

✔ Forms of government:
- Representative Democracy
- Monarchy (constitutional)

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6. Brazil

> Brazil is led by a president, who is elected by the citizens. Citizens in Brazil elect a new president every four years. Citizens also elect members of Congress to serve in two different legislative bodies.

#### Analysis:
- President is elected by citizens → Democracy
- Citizens elect members of Congress → Representative Democracy
- No mention of kings or religious rule → Not monarchy or theocracy
- It’s a presidential republic — a type of representative democracy

✔ Form of government:
- Representative Democracy

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✔ Final Answers:

| Country | Form(s) of Government |
|----------------|------------------------|
| Switzerland | Representative Democracy, Direct Democracy |
| South Africa | Dictatorship (1948–1994), Representative Democracy (since 1994) |
| North Korea | Dictatorship |
| Saudi Arabia | Monarchy, Theocracy |
| Denmark | Representative Democracy, Monarchy |
| Brazil | Representative Democracy |

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🔍 Explanation Summary:

- Representative Democracy: Citizens elect officials to make laws (e.g., Brazil, Denmark, Switzerland).
- Direct Democracy: Citizens vote directly on laws (e.g., Switzerland).
- Dictatorship: One person or group holds all power, often without free elections (e.g., North Korea, South Africa under apartheid).
- Monarchy: Rule by a king/queen (e.g., Saudi Arabia, Denmark).
- Theocracy: Government based on religious law (e.g., Saudi Arabia).
- Oligarchy: Rule by a small group (not used here, but could apply if a few elite controlled power).

This worksheet helps students understand that many countries use more than one form of government and that historical changes matter (like South Africa).

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