Earth Science--Volcanoes and Earthquakes - ESL worksheet by samped - Free Printable
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Step-by-step solution for: Earth Science--Volcanoes and Earthquakes - ESL worksheet by samped
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Show Answer Key & Explanations
Step-by-step solution for: Earth Science--Volcanoes and Earthquakes - ESL worksheet by samped
Let's go through each question in the Science Test (Grade 5, October 2009) and solve them step by step with explanations.
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1. Lava and hot gases are produced by
a. earthquakes
b. tornadoes
c. volcanoes
✔ Correct Answer: c. volcanoes
Explanation: Volcanoes are openings in the Earth’s crust where molten rock (lava), ash, and gases escape from below the surface. Earthquakes and tornadoes do not produce lava or hot gases.
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2. The layer below the earth’s crust is called
a. core
b. mantle
c. inner core
✔ Correct Answer: b. mantle
Explanation: The Earth has layers: crust → mantle → outer core → inner core. So, directly beneath the crust is the mantle, which is made of hot, solid rock that can flow slowly over time.
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3. Melted rocks come to the surface of the earth because of the activity of
a. earthquakes
b. volcano
c. soil erosion
✔ Correct Answer: b. volcano
Explanation: Melted rock (magma) rises to the surface through volcanic activity. When it erupts, it becomes lava. Earthquakes and soil erosion do not bring melted rock to the surface.
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4. Rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by water, wind and
a. humus
b. growing plants
c. dead plants
✔ Correct Answer: b. growing plants
Explanation: This process is part of biological weathering. Growing plant roots can crack rocks as they grow, breaking them into smaller pieces. Humus and dead plants contribute to soil formation but don’t actively break rocks apart like living roots.
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5. Earthquakes are most likely to take place
a. where two plates meet
b. on the sea bed
c. on the mountain top
✔ Correct Answer: a. where two plates meet
Explanation: Earthquakes happen when tectonic plates move and collide, pull apart, or slide past each other. These boundaries (like fault lines) are the most active zones for earthquakes. While earthquakes can occur underwater or under mountains, the primary cause is plate movement at their boundaries.
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6. The outermost part of the earth is called
a. inner core
b. mantle
c. crust
✔ Correct Answer: c. crust
Explanation: The Earth’s crust is the thin, outermost layer. It’s the solid surface we live on. The mantle is beneath it, and the core is deeper inside.
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7. Fracturing and abrasion are two processes involved in
a. mechanical weathering
b. biological weathering
c. chemical weathering
✔ Correct Answer: a. mechanical weathering
Explanation: Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition. Fracturing (e.g., from freezing water) and abrasion (e.g., rocks rubbing against each other) are physical processes. Chemical weathering involves changes in mineral composition, and biological weathering involves living organisms.
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8. A volcano which has not erupted for thousands of years can be termed as
a. dormant
b. extinct
c. active
✔ Correct Answer: b. extinct
Explanation:
- Active: Has erupted recently or may erupt again soon.
- Dormant: Not erupted recently, but could erupt again in the future.
- Extinct: Has not erupted for thousands of years and is unlikely to erupt again due to lack of magma supply.
So, if a volcano hasn't erupted for thousands of years, it is generally considered extinct.
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1. c
2. b
3. b
4. b
5. a
6. c
7. a
8. b
Let me know if you'd like this formatted as a printable answer sheet!
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Section A: Circle the letter next to the correct answer
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1. Lava and hot gases are produced by
a. earthquakes
b. tornadoes
c. volcanoes
✔ Correct Answer: c. volcanoes
Explanation: Volcanoes are openings in the Earth’s crust where molten rock (lava), ash, and gases escape from below the surface. Earthquakes and tornadoes do not produce lava or hot gases.
---
2. The layer below the earth’s crust is called
a. core
b. mantle
c. inner core
✔ Correct Answer: b. mantle
Explanation: The Earth has layers: crust → mantle → outer core → inner core. So, directly beneath the crust is the mantle, which is made of hot, solid rock that can flow slowly over time.
---
3. Melted rocks come to the surface of the earth because of the activity of
a. earthquakes
b. volcano
c. soil erosion
✔ Correct Answer: b. volcano
Explanation: Melted rock (magma) rises to the surface through volcanic activity. When it erupts, it becomes lava. Earthquakes and soil erosion do not bring melted rock to the surface.
---
4. Rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by water, wind and
a. humus
b. growing plants
c. dead plants
✔ Correct Answer: b. growing plants
Explanation: This process is part of biological weathering. Growing plant roots can crack rocks as they grow, breaking them into smaller pieces. Humus and dead plants contribute to soil formation but don’t actively break rocks apart like living roots.
---
5. Earthquakes are most likely to take place
a. where two plates meet
b. on the sea bed
c. on the mountain top
✔ Correct Answer: a. where two plates meet
Explanation: Earthquakes happen when tectonic plates move and collide, pull apart, or slide past each other. These boundaries (like fault lines) are the most active zones for earthquakes. While earthquakes can occur underwater or under mountains, the primary cause is plate movement at their boundaries.
---
6. The outermost part of the earth is called
a. inner core
b. mantle
c. crust
✔ Correct Answer: c. crust
Explanation: The Earth’s crust is the thin, outermost layer. It’s the solid surface we live on. The mantle is beneath it, and the core is deeper inside.
---
7. Fracturing and abrasion are two processes involved in
a. mechanical weathering
b. biological weathering
c. chemical weathering
✔ Correct Answer: a. mechanical weathering
Explanation: Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition. Fracturing (e.g., from freezing water) and abrasion (e.g., rocks rubbing against each other) are physical processes. Chemical weathering involves changes in mineral composition, and biological weathering involves living organisms.
---
8. A volcano which has not erupted for thousands of years can be termed as
a. dormant
b. extinct
c. active
✔ Correct Answer: b. extinct
Explanation:
- Active: Has erupted recently or may erupt again soon.
- Dormant: Not erupted recently, but could erupt again in the future.
- Extinct: Has not erupted for thousands of years and is unlikely to erupt again due to lack of magma supply.
So, if a volcano hasn't erupted for thousands of years, it is generally considered extinct.
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✔ Final Answers:
1. c
2. b
3. b
4. b
5. a
6. c
7. a
8. b
Let me know if you'd like this formatted as a printable answer sheet!
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of volcanoes and earthquakes worksheet.
