Physical and Chemical Properties Worksheet for educational use.

Worksheet: Physical and Chemical Properties

#### Part A: Identify the following as physical (P) or chemical (C) properties.

- Blue color: P
- Explanation: Color is a physical property because it can be observed without changing the substance's composition.

- Density: P
- Explanation: Density is a physical property that describes the mass per unit volume of a substance, which can be measured without altering its chemical identity.

- Flammability (burns): C
- Explanation: Flammability involves a chemical reaction (combustion), so it is a chemical property.

- Solubility (dissolves): P
- Explanation: Solubility refers to the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent, which is a physical process.

- Reacts with acid: C
- Explanation: Reacting with an acid involves a chemical change, making it a chemical property.

- Supports combustion: C
- Explanation: Supporting combustion implies a substance can facilitate burning, which is a chemical reaction.

- Sour taste: P
- Explanation: Taste is a physical property because it is perceived by sensory organs without altering the substance's composition.

- Melting point: P
- Explanation: Melting point is a physical property that indicates the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid.

- Reacts with water: C
- Explanation: Reacting with water involves a chemical change, such as hydrolysis, making it a chemical property.

- Hardness: P
- Explanation: Hardness is a physical property that measures a material's resistance to being scratched or deformed.

- Boiling point: P
- Explanation: Boiling point is a physical property that indicates the temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas.

- Shine: P
- Explanation: Shine (or luster) is a physical property that describes how light reflects off a surface.

- Odor: P
- Explanation: Odor is a physical property because it is related to the perception of molecules in the air without altering their chemical structure.

- Reacts with air: C
- Explanation: Reacting with air involves a chemical change, such as oxidation, making it a chemical property.

- Sublimates: P
- Explanation: Sublimation is a physical process where a solid directly changes into a gas without becoming a liquid.

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#### Part B: State whether each of the following is a physical or chemical property and the type of property.

1. Copper nitrate is a blue crystal
- Physical/Chemical: Physical
- Type: Color and state (solid)
- Explanation: The description mentions the color (blue) and state (crystal), both of which are observable physical properties.

2. Two colorless solutions mix to give a yellow solid precipitate
- Physical/Chemical: Chemical
- Type: Reaction (precipitation)
- Explanation: The formation of a precipitate involves a chemical reaction between the two solutions, resulting in a new substance.

3. Copper can be stretched into a thin wire
- Physical/Chemical: Physical
- Type: Ductility
- Explanation: Ductility is a physical property that describes a material's ability to be stretched into a thin wire without breaking.

4. Copper metal reacts with nitric acid to make a brown gas
- Physical/Chemical: Chemical
- Type: Reaction (oxidation)
- Explanation: The reaction between copper and nitric acid produces a new substance (brown gas), indicating a chemical change.

5. Salt, sodium chloride, is a white crystal that melts at 801 °C
- Physical/Chemical: Physical
- Type: Color, state, and melting point
- Explanation: The description mentions the color (white), state (crystal), and melting point, all of which are physical properties.

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#### Part C: Write whether the following physical properties are intensive or extensive.

- Temperature: Intensive
- Explanation: Temperature is an intensive property because it does not depend on the amount of substance. For example, the temperature of a pot of water is the same regardless of how much water is in the pot.

- Area: Extensive
- Explanation: Area is an extensive property because it depends on the size or extent of the object. Doubling the size of a surface doubles its area.

- Ductility: Intensive
- Explanation: Ductility is an intensive property because it describes the inherent ability of a material to be stretched into a thin wire, independent of the amount of material.

- Height: Extensive
- Explanation: Height is an extensive property because it depends on the size of the object. Doubling the size of an object generally doubles its height.

- Solubility: Intensive
- Explanation: Solubility is an intensive property because it describes the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent, independent of the amount of the substance.

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Final Answer:

Part A:
- Blue color: P
- Density: P
- Flammability (burns): C
- Solubility (dissolves): P
- Reacts with acid: C
- Supports combustion: C
- Sour taste: P
- Melting point: P
- Reacts with water: C
- Hardness: P
- Boiling point: P
- Shine: P
- Odor: P
- Reacts with air: C
- Sublimates: P

Part B:
1. Copper nitrate is a blue crystal: Physical, Color and state (solid)
2. Two colorless solutions mix to give a yellow solid precipitate: Chemical, Reaction (precipitation)
3. Copper can be stretched into a thin wire: Physical, Ductility
4. Copper metal reacts with nitric acid to make a brown gas: Chemical, Reaction (oxidation)
5. Salt, sodium chloride, is a white crystal that melts at 801 °C: Physical, Color, state, and melting point

Part C:
- Temperature: Intensive
- Area: Extensive
- Ductility: Intensive
- Height: Extensive
- Solubility: Intensive

Boxed Final Answer:
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\boxed{
\text{See detailed explanations above.}
}
\]