English 11 - Unit 12 Language Focus worksheet with exercises on relative clauses, including sentence completion and identifying when relative pronouns can be omitted, illustrated with festive Thanksgiving-themed icons.

Let's solve each exercise step by step and explain the grammar rules involved.

---

Exercise 1: Complete each of the following sentences, using a suitable sentence in the box to make a relative clause without a relative pronoun.

Options:
a) we had for lunch
b) John told them
c) you lost it
d) we met this morning
e) he invited to the birthday party
f) I bought yesterday

We are to form relative clauses without relative pronouns (like *that*, *which*, *who*), which is possible when the relative pronoun is the object of the clause.

> ✔ Rule: When the relative pronoun is the object, it can be omitted.

---

#### 1. Have you found the bike ____?

- We need a clause that describes the bike.
- Option c) you lost it → "Have you found the bike you lost it?" ✘ This is ungrammatical because "lost it" has an extra object ("it").
- But if we say "you lost", then “it” is redundant. So better option: c) you lost it → actually, this is awkward.
- Wait — the correct choice should be c) you lost it? No, that doesn't work.

Wait — let’s re-evaluate:

The options are:
- a) we had for lunch
- b) John told them
- c) you lost it
- d) we met this morning
- e) he invited to the birthday party
- f) I bought yesterday

Now go through each sentence.

---

1. Have you found the bike ____?

→ The bike you lost → but the option says "you lost it", which includes "it". That would make it: "the bike you lost it" → double object → incorrect.

But perhaps it's meant to be "you lost" — maybe "it" is part of the phrase? Let's assume it's a typo or misphrasing.

Actually, "you lost it" is not grammatically correct here because "lost" already takes "it" as object. So "the bike you lost it" = "the bike you lost (the bike)" — redundant.

So likely, c) is meant to be "you lost", but it's written as "you lost it".

Alternatively, perhaps the correct answer is f) I bought yesterday → "the bike I bought yesterday" → perfect.

But c) you lost it — if used, becomes "the bike you lost it" → invalid.

So let’s look at the most logical ones:

✔ 1. Have you found the bike ____?
→ "I bought yesterday" → "the bike I bought yesterday" → makes sense.
Answer: f)

---

2. Most of the classmates ____ couldn't come.

→ Who couldn't come? The people he invited to the birthday party.

Option e) he invited to the birthday party

→ "Most of the classmates he invited to the birthday party couldn't come." → Correct.

✔ Answer: e)

---

3. The short stories ____ were very funny.

→ Which stories? The ones we had for lunch? No, that doesn’t make sense.

a) we had for lunch → "short stories we had for lunch"? Absurd.

Maybe b) John told them → "stories John told them"? That could work.

"Stories John told them were very funny" → Yes, meaning: the stories that John told them.

But "told them" — who is "them"? It’s vague, but acceptable.

But is there a better one?

Wait — a) we had for lunch — no, stories aren't eaten.

So only plausible: b) John told them

But "John told them" → "the stories John told them" → yes, grammatical.

But "them" refers to listeners — okay.

Alternative: Could d) we met this morning fit? "Stories we met this morning"? No.

No.

So best: b)

Wait — what about a)? "we had for lunch" — no.

Unless it's a metaphor? Unlikely.

So: b) John told them

But let's check others.

4. The dictionary ____ is expensive, but very interesting.

→ "I bought yesterday" → "The dictionary I bought yesterday..." → Perfect.

✔ Answer: f)

Wait — we already used f) in #1?

Yes! But we can reuse options? Probably not — each sentence needs a unique option.

Wait — the instructions say: “using a suitable sentence in the box” — does not say use each once? But usually, such exercises expect one per sentence.

So we must assign one per sentence.

Let’s list again.

Available options:
a) we had for lunch
b) John told them
c) you lost it
d) we met this morning
e) he invited to the birthday party
f) I bought yesterday

Now go sentence by sentence.

---

1. Have you found the bike ____?

→ "The bike you lost" → but option is c) you lost it → "you lost it" → "the bike you lost it" → ungrammatical.

But perhaps c) you lost it is intended to be "you lost" — but it says "it".

Alternatively, maybe f) I bought yesterday → "the bike I bought yesterday" → works.

So f)

✔ 1. f)

---

2. Most of the classmates ____ couldn't come.

→ "He invited to the birthday party" → "classmates he invited to the birthday party" → yes.

So e)

✔ 2. e)

---

3. The short stories ____ were very funny.

→ "John told them" → "stories John told them" → yes, "John told them [the stories]"

So b)

✔ 3. b)

---

4. The dictionary ____ is expensive, but very interesting.

→ "I bought yesterday" → but we already used f) in #1.

Can we reuse? Probably not.

Is there another?

"we had for lunch"? No — dictionary isn't food.

"you lost it"? "dictionary you lost it"? No.

"we met this morning"? "dictionary we met"? No.

"he invited"? No.

Only possibility: f) — but used.

Wait — maybe f) is for #4?

But #1 also wants it.

Conflict.

Wait — perhaps a) we had for lunch — no.

Unless the dictionary was had for lunch? Impossible.

So maybe f) is the only one that fits #4.

But #1 also seems to need f).

Wait — let's reconsider #1.

1. Have you found the bike ____?

Could it be c) you lost it?

But "the bike you lost it" → "lost it" means "lost the bike" — so "the bike you lost it" = "the bike you lost (the bike)" — redundant.

But in English, we sometimes say: "The car I lost it" — no, that's wrong.

Correct: "The car I lost" — no "it".

So c) is bad.

What about d) we met this morning?

"The bike we met this morning"? Doesn't make sense.

So only f) fits #1 and #4.

But both need f)?

Wait — maybe #1 is c)?

But "you lost it" — if we interpret "it" as referring to the bike, then "the bike you lost it" is still ungrammatical.

Unless the sentence is: "Have you found the bike you lost?" — then "it" is not needed.

But the option says "you lost it", so it's included.

So likely, c) is not usable.

Thus, only f) fits both #1 and #4 — impossible.

Wait — maybe a) we had for lunch — no.

Another idea: "you lost it" might be intended to mean "that you lost", and "it" is a mistake.

But even so, "the bike you lost it" is wrong.

Perhaps the intended answer for #1 is c) with implied "it" = the bike.

But standard grammar: "The bike you lost" — omit "it".

So c) is poorly worded.

But perhaps the exercise allows it.

Alternatively, maybe #1 uses c) → "Have you found the bike you lost it?" — no.

Wait — perhaps #1 is "you lost" — but option says "you lost it".

So maybe the option is meant to be "you lost", but it's written as "you lost it".

But let’s suppose we accept c) as "you lost" — then it's okay.

Then:

1. Have you found the bike you lost? → Yes, fine.

So c)

But then f) can be used for #4.

And a)? "we had for lunch" — only fits if it's food.

But "short stories we had for lunch"? No.

Wait — #3: "The short stories ____ were very funny."

Could it be a) we had for lunch? "The short stories we had for lunch" — absurd.

No.

What about b) John told them? "Stories John told them" — yes.

So b)

Then #2: "Most of the classmates ____ couldn't come."

→ "he invited to the birthday party" → e)

So e)

#4: "The dictionary ____ is expensive..."

→ "I bought yesterday" → f)

#5: "I didn't like the man ____."

→ "we met this morning" → "the man we met this morning" → yes.

So d)

#6: "The beef ____ was really delicious."

→ "we had for lunch" → "beef we had for lunch" → yes.

So a)

Perfect!

Now let’s map:

1. Have you found the bike ____? → c) you lost it → but wait, "you lost it" → "the bike you lost it" → still problematic.

But if we ignore "it", it's "you lost" — then it's okay.

But the option says "you lost it" — so we must use it.

But "the bike you lost it" is ungrammatical.

Unless "it" refers to something else? No.

So perhaps c) is not usable.

Wait — maybe c) is meant to be "you lost", and "it" is a typo.

But let’s assume it’s "you lost".

Then:

1. Have you found the bike you lost? → OK
2. Most of the classmates he invited to the birthday party couldn't come. → e)
3. The short stories John told them were very funny. → b)
4. The dictionary I bought yesterday is expensive... → f)
5. I didn't like the man we met this morning. → d)
6. The beef we had for lunch was delicious. → a)

All fit.

But now c) is unused.

But we have six sentences and six options.

So c) must be used.

But where?

Try #5: "I didn't like the man ____."

→ "you lost it"? "the man you lost it" — no.

"he invited"? Already used.

"we met"? Used.

"John told them"? "the man John told them" — could be: "the man John told them about" — but not given.

No.

Wait — #1: "Have you found the bike you lost it?" — still bad.

Unless the sentence is: "Have you found the bike that you lost?" — then "you lost" is the clause.

But option is "you lost it" — includes "it".

So perhaps c) is not usable.

But it must be.

Wait — maybe #5: "I didn't like the man ____."

→ "he invited to the birthday party" — already used in #2.

But maybe #2 is d)?

Let’s try different assignment.

Let’s list all options and see which fit.

---

Reassigning:

1. Have you found the bike ____?

→ Must be "you lost" → so c) you lost it — but "it" is extra.

But perhaps it's accepted as "you lost it" meaning "you lost the bike" — so "the bike you lost it" = "the bike that you lost (the bike)" — redundant.

But in some dialects, it’s acceptable.

Alternatively, maybe f) is better: "the bike I bought yesterday" — makes sense.

But then #4 also wants f).

So conflict.

Wait — maybe #1 is f), #4 is a)? But "dictionary we had for lunch"? No.

No.

Another idea: #6: "The beef ____ was delicious."

→ "we had for lunch" → a) — perfect.

#4: "The dictionary ____ is expensive" → "I bought yesterday" → f)

#1: "Have you found the bike ____?" → "you lost it" — maybe it's acceptable.

But let’s suppose we use:

- 1. c) you lost it → "Have you found the bike you lost it?" → grammatically incorrect.

But perhaps the intended meaning is "the bike that you lost" — and "it" is a mistake.

So likely, c) is meant to be "you lost" — so we’ll use it for #1.

Then:

1. c)
2. e) → "classmates he invited to the birthday party"
3. b) → "stories John told them"
4. f) → "dictionary I bought yesterday"
5. d) → "man we met this morning"
6. a) → "beef we had for lunch"

All fit.

Even though c) says "you lost it", we’ll assume it’s a typo or shorthand.

So final answers:

---

✔ Exercise 1 Answers:

1. c) you lost it
2. e) he invited to the birthday party
3. b) John told them
4. f) I bought yesterday
5. d) we met this morning
6. a) we had for lunch

---

Exercise 2: Relative clauses with a preposition

Options:
a) We're living in it
b) They were talking about them
c) I work with them
d) We went to it
e) I slept in it
f) He applied for it

We need to use these to complete sentences with prepositions.

These are relative clauses with prepositions — typically, the preposition comes before the relative pronoun, but since we’re omitting the pronoun, we place the preposition at the end.

But the options are full phrases.

Let’s see.

---

1. I enjoy my job because I like the people ________.

→ "I work with them" → "the people I work with" → yes.

So c)

✔ 1. c)

---

2. The dinner party ________ wasn't very enjoyable.

→ "We went to it" → "the dinner party we went to" → yes.

So d)

✔ 2. d)

---

3. The house ________ is not in good condition.

→ "We're living in it" → "the house we're living in" → yes.

So a)

✔ 3. a)

---

4. I wasn't interested in the things ________.

→ "They were talking about them" → "the things they were talking about" → yes.

So b)

✔ 4. b)

---

5. He didn't get the job ________.

→ "He applied for it" → "the job he applied for" → yes.

So f)

✔ 5. f)

---

6. The bed ________ was very modern.

→ "I slept in it" → "the bed I slept in" → yes.

So e)

✔ 6. e)

---

✔ Exercise 2 Answers:

1. c) I work with them
2. d) We went to it
3. a) We're living in it
4. b) They were talking about them
5. f) He applied for it
6. e) I slept in it

---

Exercise 3: Tick (√) the sentences in which the relative pronoun can be omitted.

Rule: Relative pronoun (who, whom, which, that) can be omitted only when it is the object of the clause.

If it's the subject, it cannot be omitted.

Let’s check each:

---

1. The girl who we are going to see is from Britain.

→ "who" is the object of "see" → "we are going to see who" → "who" is object → can be omitted.

So: "The girl we are going to see is from Britain." → correct.

✔ Tick

---

2. He works for a company that makes cars.

→ "that" is subject of "makes" → "that makes cars" → subject → cannot be omitted.

So: "He works for a company makes cars." → ungrammatical.

✘ No tick

---

3. What was the name of the man who you met yesterday?

→ "who" is object of "met" → "you met who" → object → can be omitted.

So: "the man you met yesterday" → correct.

✔ Tick

---

4. The table that was broken has now been repaired.

→ "that" is subject of "was broken" → cannot be omitted.

"the table was broken" → "that" is subject.

So: "The table was broken has been repaired." → ungrammatical.

✘ No tick

---

5. Do you know the girl who he is talking to?

→ "who" is object of "talking to" → "he is talking to who" → object → can be omitted.

So: "the girl he is talking to" → correct.

✔ Tick

---

6. This is the novel that I've been expecting.

→ "that" is object of "expecting" → "I've been expecting that" → object → can be omitted.

So: "This is the novel I've been expecting." → correct.

✔ Tick

---

✔ Exercise 3 Answers:

1. ✓
2.
3. ✓
4.
5. ✓
6. ✓

---

✔ Final Answers:

---

#### Exercise 1:
1. c) you lost it
2. e) he invited to the birthday party
3. b) John told them
4. f) I bought yesterday
5. d) we met this morning
6. a) we had for lunch

---

#### Exercise 2:
1. c) I work with them
2. d) We went to it
3. a) We're living in it
4. b) They were talking about them
5. f) He applied for it
6. e) I slept in it

---

#### Exercise 3:
1. ✓
2.
3. ✓
4.
5. ✓
6. ✓

---

🔍 Explanation Summary:

- Relative clauses without pronouns: Possible only when the relative pronoun is the object (e.g., "the book I read").
- Prepositions in relative clauses: Can go at the end when omitting pronouns (e.g., "the house I live in").
- Omission of relative pronouns: Only allowed when the pronoun is the object of the clause (not the subject).

Let me know if you'd like a printable version or explanations in simpler terms!