Acid Base Worksheet | PDF - Free Printable

Here are the solutions to the worksheet problems, broken down by section.

1. Acids and Bases Properties Chart

Here is how acids and bases compare based on their physical and chemical properties:

| Property | Acids | Bases |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Conductivity in Aqueous Solution | Conducts electricity | Conducts electricity |
| Taste | Sour | Bitter |
| Feel | Sticky / Watery | Slippery / Soapy |
| Reaction with Metal | Reacts (produces Hydrogen gas) | No Reaction |
| Reaction with Carbonate | Reacts (produces $CO_2$ gas) | No Reaction |
| Colour on Litmus Paper | Turns Blue litmus Red | Turns Red litmus Blue |
| Colour with Universal Indicator | Red, Orange, or Yellow | Green, Blue, or Purple |
| Colour with phenolphthalein | Colourless | Pink / Magenta |

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2. Identify Compound Type and Name

To name these, we look at the chemical symbols. If it starts with H, it's usually an acid. If it ends in OH, it's usually a base.

* $HNO_3$: This is an Acid. The "nitrate" ion ($NO_3$) becomes "nitric."
* Name: Nitric Acid
* $Mg(OH)_2$: This is a Base. Mg is Magnesium.
* Name: Magnesium Hydroxide
* $H_3PO_4$: This is an Acid. The "phosphate" ion ($PO_4$) becomes "phosphoric."
* Name: Phosphoric Acid
* $H_2CO_3$: This is an Acid. The "carbonate" ion ($CO_3$) becomes "carbonic."
* Name: Carbonic Acid
* $HF$: This is an Acid. F is Fluorine, so we use the root "fluor" and add "-ic."
* Name: Hydrofluoric Acid
* $Fe(OH)_3$: This is a Base. Fe is Iron. Since Iron can have different charges, and there are 3 hydroxides (-1 each), the Iron must be +3. We write this as Iron(III).
* Name: Iron(III) Hydroxide

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3. Write the Formula

To write formulas, we balance the positive and negative charges so they equal zero.

* hydrochloric acid: Hydrogen ($H^+$) + Chloride ($Cl^-$). Charges are +1 and -1.
* Formula: $HCl$
* aluminum hydroxide: Aluminum ($Al^{3+}$) + Hydroxide ($OH^-$). You need three -1s to balance one +3.
* Formula: $Al(OH)_3$
* lithium hydroxide: Lithium ($Li^+$) + Hydroxide ($OH^-$). Charges are +1 and -1.
* Formula: $LiOH$
* sulfuric acid: Hydrogen ($H^+$) + Sulfate ($SO_4^{2-}$). You need two +1s to balance one -2.
* Formula: $H_2SO_4$
* hydrochloric acid *(listed twice on sheet)*:
* Formula: $HCl$
* sodium hydroxide: Sodium ($Na^+$) + Hydroxide ($OH^-$). Charges are +1 and -1.
* Formula: $NaOH$
* calcium hydroxide: Calcium ($Ca^{2+}$) + Hydroxide ($OH^-$). You need two -1s to balance one +2.
* Formula: $Ca(OH)_2$
* sulfurous acid: Hydrogen ($H^+$) + Sulfite ($SO_3^{2-}$). Note: "Sulfurous" goes with "Sulfite" (one less oxygen than sulfate). You need two +1s to balance one -2.
* Formula: $H_2SO_3$

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Final Answer:

1. Properties Chart:
* Conductivity: Both conduct.
* Taste: Acids = Sour; Bases = Bitter.
* Feel: Acids = Sticky/Watery; Bases = Slippery/Soapy.
* Reaction with Metal: Acids = Yes (bubbles); Bases = No reaction.
* Reaction with Carbonate: Acids = Yes (bubbles); Bases = No reaction.
* Litmus Paper: Acids turn Blue to Red; Bases turn Red to Blue.
* Universal Indicator: Acids = Red/Yellow; Bases = Blue/Purple.
* Phenolphthalein: Acids = Colourless; Bases = Pink.

2. Identification:
* $HNO_3$: Acid, Nitric Acid
* $Mg(OH)_2$: Base, Magnesium Hydroxide
* $H_3PO_4$: Acid, Phosphoric Acid
* $H_2CO_3$: Acid, Carbonic Acid
* $HF$: Acid, Hydrofluoric Acid
* $Fe(OH)_3$: Base, Iron(III) Hydroxide

3. Formulas:
* hydrochloric acid: $HCl$
* aluminum hydroxide: $Al(OH)_3$
* lithium hydroxide: $LiOH$
* sulfuric acid: $H_2SO_4$
* sodium hydroxide: $NaOH$
* calcium hydroxide: $Ca(OH)_2$
* sulfurous acid: $H_2SO_3$