Naming Acids Worksheet | Exercises Chemistry | Docsity - Free Printable

Here is the completed Naming Acids Worksheet, with explanations for each section.

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## ✔ SECTION 1: Name the following as acids (Given Formula → Acid Name)

| Formula | Acid Name | Explanation |
|---------------|----------------------------|-------------|
| H₂C₂O₄ | Oxalic acid | Common name for ethanedioic acid; a dicarboxylic acid. |
| H₂CO₃ | Carbonic acid | Formed when CO₂ dissolves in water. |
| H₂Cr₂O₇ | Dichromic acid | From dichromate ion (Cr₂O₇²⁻). |
| H₂CrO₄ | Chromic acid | From chromate ion (CrO₄²⁻). |
| H₂S | Hydrosulfuric acid | Binary acid of sulfur. |
| H₂Se | Hydrogen selenide or Hydroselenic acid | Binary acid of selenium. “Hydroselenic acid” is more common in acid naming context. |
| H₂SO₃ | Sulfurous acid | From sulfite ion (SO₃²⁻); one less oxygen than sulfate. |
| H₂SO₄ | Sulfuric acid | From sulfate ion (SO₄²⁻). |
| H₃AsO₄ | Arsenic acid | From arsenate ion (AsO₄³⁻). |
| H₃PO₄ | Phosphoric acid | From phosphate ion (PO₄³⁻). |
| HBr | Hydrobromic acid | Binary acid of bromine. |
| HBrO₃ | Bromic acid | From bromate ion (BrO₃⁻). |
| HC₂H₃O₂ | Acetic acid | Common name for ethanoic acid. |
| HCl | Hydrochloric acid | Binary acid of chlorine. |
| HClO | Hypochlorous acid | From hypochlorite ion (ClO⁻); least oxygen. |
| HClO₂ | Chlorous acid | From chlorite ion (ClO₂⁻). |
| HClO₄ | Perchloric acid | From perchlorate ion (ClO₄⁻); most oxygen. |
| HCN | Hydrocyanic acid | Binary acid of cyanide ion (CN⁻). |
| HF | Hydrofluoric acid | Binary acid of fluorine. |
| HI | Hydroiodic acid | Binary acid of iodine. |
| HMnO₄ | Permanganic acid | From permanganate ion (MnO₄⁻). |
| HNO₂ | Nitrous acid | From nitrite ion (NO₂⁻). |
| HNO₃ | Nitric acid | From nitrate ion (NO₃⁻). |

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## ✔ SECTION 2: Write formulas for the following acids (Given Name → Formula)

| Acid Name | Formula | Explanation |
|-----------------------|---------------|-------------|
| acetic acid | HC₂H₃O₂ | Common name for CH₃COOH. |
| arsenic acid | H₃AsO₄ | Arsenate ion is AsO₄³⁻, so needs 3 H⁺. |
| bromic acid | HBrO₃ | Bromate ion is BrO₃⁻. |
| carbonic acid | H₂CO₃ | Carbonate ion is CO₃²⁻. |
| chromic acid | H₂CrO₄ | Chromate ion is CrO₄²⁻. |
| dichromic acid | H₂Cr₂O₇ | Dichromate ion is Cr₂O₇²⁻. |
| hydrobromic acid | HBr | Binary acid: H⁺ + Br⁻. |
| hydrochloric acid | HCl | Binary acid: H⁺ + Cl⁻. |
| hydrocyanic acid | HCN | H⁺ + CN⁻. |
| hydrofluoric acid | HF | Binary acid: H⁺ + F⁻. |
| hydriodic acid | HI | Binary acid: H⁺ + I⁻. |
| hydroselenic acid | H₂Se | Binary acid: H⁺ + Se²⁻ → H₂Se. |
| hydrosulfuric acid | H₂S | Binary acid: H⁺ + S²⁻ → H₂S. |
| hypochloric acid | HClO | Hypochlorite ion is ClO⁻. |
| hypochlorous acid | HClO | Same as above — “hypochlorous acid” is correct term. *(Note: “hypochloric acid” is not standard; it’s “hypochlorous acid”)* |
| nitric acid | HNO₃ | Nitrate ion is NO₃⁻. |
| nitrous acid | HNO₂ | Nitrite ion is NO₂⁻. |
| oxalic acid | H₂C₂O₄ | Ethanedioic acid; diprotic. |
| perchloric acid | HClO₄ | Perchlorate ion is ClO₄⁻. |
| permanganic acid | HMnO₄ | Permanganate ion is MnO₄⁻. |
| phosphoric acid | H₃PO₄ | Phosphate ion is PO₄³⁻. |
| sulfuric acid | H₂SO₄ | Sulfate ion is SO₄²⁻. |
| sulfurous acid | H₂SO₃ | Sulfite ion is SO₃²⁻. |

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## 📝 NOTES & TIPS:

🔹 Binary Acids (H + nonmetal):

- Start with “hydro-”, end with “-ic acid”
- e.g., HCl → hydrochloric acid
- e.g., H₂S → hydrosulfuric acid

🔹 Oxyacids (H + polyatomic ion with oxygen):

- If polyatomic ends in “-ate” → change to “-ic acid”
- e.g., sulfate (SO₄²⁻) → sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)
- If polyatomic ends in “-ite” → change to “-ous acid”
- e.g., sulfite (SO₃²⁻) → sulfurous acid (H₂SO₃)
- For halogens (Cl, Br, I), use prefixes:
- hypo-...-ous → fewest oxygens (e.g., HClO = hypochlorous)
- ...-ous → e.g., HClO₂ = chlorous
- ...-ic → e.g., HClO₃ = chloric
- per-...-ic → most oxygens (e.g., HClO₄ = perchloric)

⚠️ Common Mistakes:

- “Hypochloric acid” is incorrect — it’s hypochlorous acid.
- Acetic acid is HC₂H₃O₂ (not HCH₃COO or similar).
- Oxalic acid is H₂C₂O₄, not H₂C₂O₂.

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