How to highlight active row and column in Excel - Free Printable

It looks like you've uploaded a spreadsheet with planetary data for the eight planets in our solar system, but there's no specific task or question stated in your message. However, based on the highlighted cell (D5), which contains Earth's gravity value (9.8 m/s²), and the structure of the table, I can infer that you may be asking for help with calculating or understanding the gravitational acceleration on a planet using the given data.

Let me walk through how to calculate surface gravity on any planet using the provided data:

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🔍 What is Surface Gravity?

Surface gravity $ g $ is the acceleration due to gravity at the surface of a planet. It can be calculated using the formula:

$$
g = \frac{G \cdot M}{R^2}
$$

Where:
- $ G $ = Gravitational constant = $ 6.67430 \times 10^{-11} \, \text{m}^3 \text{kg}^{-1} \text{s}^{-2} $
- $ M $ = Mass of the planet (in kg)
- $ R $ = Radius of the planet (in meters)

But since we have diameter, we can compute radius as:
$$
R = \frac{\text{Diameter}}{2}
$$

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✔ Let’s verify Earth’s gravity using the data:

From the table:
- Earth's mass $ M = 5.97 \times 10^{24} \, \text{kg} $
- Earth's diameter = 12,756 km → $ R = \frac{12,756}{2} = 6,378 \, \text{km} = 6.378 \times 10^6 \, \text{m} $

Now plug into the formula:

$$
g = \frac{(6.67430 \times 10^{-11}) \cdot (5.97 \times 10^{24})}{(6.378 \times 10^6)^2}
$$

Step-by-step:
- Numerator: $ 6.67430 \times 10^{-11} \times 5.97 \times 10^{24} = 3.986 \times 10^{14} $
- Denominator: $ (6.378 \times 10^6)^2 = 4.068 \times 10^{13} $
- $ g = \frac{3.986 \times 10^{14}}{4.068 \times 10^{13}} \approx 9.80 \, \text{m/s}^2 $

✔ This matches the given value in cell D5: 9.8 m/s²

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📌 You could use this method to calculate gravity for any planet.

For example, let's calculate Mars’ gravity:

- Mass $ M = 0.642 \times 10^{24} = 6.42 \times 10^{23} \, \text{kg} $
- Diameter = 6,792 km → Radius $ R = 3,396 \, \text{km} = 3.396 \times 10^6 \, \text{m} $

$$
g = \frac{(6.67430 \times 10^{-11}) \cdot (6.42 \times 10^{23})}{(3.396 \times 10^6)^2}
= \frac{4.290 \times 10^{13}}{1.153 \times 10^{13}} \approx 3.72 \, \text{m/s}^2
$$

Which matches the value in cell E5: 3.7 m/s²

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🧠 Summary & Possible Tasks:

Since no explicit question was asked, here are common tasks you might want to do with this data:

#### ✔ Task 1: Verify gravity values using mass and diameter.
We just did this — it checks out!

#### ✔ Task 2: Compare gravity across planets.
Earth has the highest surface gravity (~9.8 m/s²), followed by Jupiter (~23.1 m/s²). But note: Jupiter is a gas giant — its "surface" is not solid.

#### ✔ Task 3: Find escape velocity using gravity and radius.
Escape velocity $ v_e = \sqrt{2gR} $. For Earth:
$$
v_e = \sqrt{2 \cdot 9.8 \cdot 6.378 \times 10^6} \approx 11,186 \, \text{m/s} \approx 11.2 \, \text{km/s}
$$
Matches cell D6: 11.2 km/s

#### ✔ Task 4: Determine which planet has the longest day?
Look at row 7: Rotation Period (hours) → Venus: -5832.5 hours (negative means retrograde rotation) → Longest period in magnitude.

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🚀 Final Answer:

If your goal was to verify or understand the gravity values, then yes — the values in row 5 are consistent with the physics formulas using mass and diameter.

Let me know if you'd like:
- A formula to calculate gravity for all planets in Excel,
- A chart comparing gravity vs. mass/density,
- Or help solving a specific problem (e.g., "Which planet has the strongest gravity?" or "How much would I weigh on Mars?").

Just clarify your task, and I’ll solve it step-by-step!