Grammar worksheet teaching adjective and adverb phrases with exercises and examples.

Let's solve Exercise A and Exercise B step by step, based on the grammar rules provided in the image.

---

🔹 Key Concepts from the Lesson:

- Adjective Phrase (ADJ): A prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or pronoun.
- Example: *The woman in the seat next to Mr. Holt...* → "in the seat" and "next to Mr. Holt" modify "woman" (a noun).

- Adverb Phrase (ADV): A prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb.
- Example: *We traveled to Washington, D.C.* → "to Washington, D.C." modifies "traveled" (a verb).

---

## ✔ Exercise A:
> Draw an arrow from each underlined prepositional phrase to the word it modifies. Label it ADJ or ADV.

We are given five sentences with underlined phrases. Let’s go through each one.

---

1. On the first night, the hikers camped near the Salinas River.

- Underlined: On the first night, near the Salinas River

#### Analyze:
- On the first night: This tells when the hikers camped → modifies the verb camped → ADV
- Near the Salinas River: This tells where they camped → modifies the verb camped → ADV

✔ Arrows:
- Arrow from “On the first night” → “camped” → label ADV
- Arrow from “near the Salinas River” → “camped” → label ADV

---

2. Most of this artwork was created by ninth-grade students.

- Underlined: by ninth-grade students

- This tells who created the artwork → modifies the verb was created → ADV

✔ Arrow:
- “by ninth-grade students” → “created” → label ADV

---

3. Everyone I have met at my new school has been extremely kind to me.

- Underlined: at my new school, to me

#### Analyze:
- at my new school: Modifies met (verb) — where the meeting occurred → ADV
- to me: Modifies kind (adjective) — kind to whom? → modifies the adjective "kind" → ADV

✔ Arrows:
- “at my new school” → “met” → ADV
- “to me” → “kind” → ADV

---

4. Throughout the summer, I worked as a landscape gardener.

- Underlined: Throughout the summer, as a landscape gardener

#### Analyze:
- Throughout the summer: Tells when → modifies the verb worked → ADV
- as a landscape gardener: Tells how or in what role → modifies the verb worked → ADV

✔ Arrows:
- “Throughout the summer” → “worked” → ADV
- “as a landscape gardener” → “worked” → ADV

---

5. For dinner we will serve baked chicken with red beans and rice.

- Underlined: For dinner, with red beans and rice

#### Analyze:
- For dinner: Tells when/for what purpose → modifies the verb serve → ADV
- with red beans and rice: Describes what is served with the chicken → modifies chicken (noun) → ADJ

✔ Arrows:
- “For dinner” → “serve” → ADV
- “with red beans and rice” → “chicken” → ADJ

---

## ✔ Exercise B:
> Underline the two prepositional phrases in each sentence. Draw arrows to the words they modify. Label each ADJ or ADV.

Let’s go through each sentence.

---

6. Near the entrance to the cave, we discovered an old map.

- Prepositional phrases:
1. Near the entrance to the cave
- Breakdown: “near” + “the entrance to the cave”
- “to the cave” is also a prepositional phrase inside the larger one
- So: Near the entrance and to the cave → both are prepositional phrases

#### Analyze:
- Near the entrance to the cave: Tells where → modifies discovered (verb) → ADV
- To the cave: Part of “entrance to the cave” → modifies entrance (noun) → ADJ

✔ Underline:
- “Near the entrance to the cave” → but split into two:
- “Near the entrance” → ADV → arrow to “discovered”
- “to the cave” → ADJ → arrow to “entrance”

Note: Since “to the cave” is embedded in the noun phrase, it modifies “entrance”.

---

7. The movie’s ending took everyone in the theater by surprise.

- Prepositional phrases:
1. in the theater
2. by surprise

#### Analyze:
- in the theater: modifies everyone (who was in the theater) → ADJ
- by surprise: tells how the action happened → modifies took (verb) → ADV

✔ Underline:
- “in the theater” → ADJ → arrow to “everyone”
- “by surprise” → ADV → arrow to “took”

---

8. What are some of the differences between the African elephant and the Asian elephant?

- Prepositional phrases:
1. between the African elephant and the Asian elephant

→ Only one main prepositional phrase here.

Wait — the instruction says two prepositional phrases.

But let's see:

- “between the African elephant and the Asian elephant” → one prepositional phrase with compound object.

But perhaps we can consider:
- “between the African elephant” → not complete
- “and the Asian elephant” → not a preposition

So only one prepositional phrase: between the African elephant and the Asian elephant

But the problem asks for two.

Wait — maybe the sentence has:
- of the differences → yes! “of the differences” is a prepositional phrase modifying “some” (pronoun)

Let’s reanalyze:

- some of the differences → “of the differences” is a prepositional phrase modifying “some” → ADJ
- between the African elephant and the Asian elephant → modifies “differences” → ADJ

✔ Two prepositional phrases:
1. of the differences → modifies “some” → ADJ
2. between the African elephant and the Asian elephant → modifies “differences” → ADJ

✔ Underline:
- “of the differences” → ADJ → arrow to “some”
- “between the African elephant and the Asian elephant” → ADJ → arrow to “differences”

---

9. According to this recipe, the casserole should be baked for thirty minutes.

- Prepositional phrases:
1. According to this recipe
2. for thirty minutes

#### Analyze:
- According to this recipe: tells why/how → modifies should be baked → ADV
- for thirty minutes: tells how long → modifies baked → ADV

✔ Underline:
- “According to this recipe” → ADV → arrow to “baked”
- “for thirty minutes” → ADV → arrow to “baked”

---

10. All of these lovely quilts were made by hand.

- Prepositional phrases:
1. of these lovely quilts
2. by hand

#### Analyze:
- of these lovely quilts: modifies “All” → “All of these quilts” → ADJ
- by hand: tells how → modifies were made → ADV

✔ Underline:
- “of these lovely quilts” → ADJ → arrow to “All”
- “by hand” → ADV → arrow to “made”

---

11. The development of the Internet has changed our lives in many ways.

- Prepositional phrases:
1. of the Internet
2. in many ways

#### Analyze:
- of the Internet: modifies “development” → ADJ
- in many ways: tells how → modifies changed → ADV

✔ Underline:
- “of the Internet” → ADJ → arrow to “development”
- “in many ways” → ADV → arrow to “changed”

---

12. Through the telescope we could see clearly the rings around Saturn.

- Prepositional phrases:
1. Through the telescope
2. around Saturn

#### Analyze:
- Through the telescope: tells how we saw → modifies see → ADV
- around Saturn: modifies rings → describes where the rings are → ADJ

✔ Underline:
- “Through the telescope” → ADV → arrow to “see”
- “around Saturn” → ADJ → arrow to “rings”

---

13. In the living room, Sam chased the kitten around the couch.

- Prepositional phrases:
1. In the living room
2. around the couch

#### Analyze:
- In the living room: tells where → modifies chased → ADV
- around the couch: tells where → modifies chased → ADV

✔ Underline:
- “In the living room” → ADV → arrow to “chased”
- “around the couch” → ADV → arrow to “chased”

---

14. After sunset is there still enough light for photography?

- Prepositional phrases:
1. After sunset
2. for photography

#### Analyze:
- After sunset: tells when → modifies is (verb) → ADV
- for photography: tells purpose → modifies light (noun) → ADJ

✔ Underline:
- “After sunset” → ADV → arrow to “is”
- “for photography” → ADJ → arrow to “light”

---

15. Austin, Texas, has been the capital both of a state and of a country.

- Prepositional phrases:
1. of a state
2. of a country

Note: “both of a state and of a country” → two prepositional phrases joined by “and”

#### Analyze:
- Both “of a state” and “of a country” modify “capital” → ADJ

✔ Underline:
- “of a state” → ADJ → arrow to “capital”
- “of a country” → ADJ → arrow to “capital”

---

## ✔ Final Summary of Answers:

Exercise A:

| Sentence | Underlined Phrase | Modifies | Type |
|--------|-------------------|----------|------|
| 1 | On the first night | camped | ADV |
| 1 | near the Salinas River | camped | ADV |
| 2 | by ninth-grade students | created | ADV |
| 3 | at my new school | met | ADV |
| 3 | to me | kind | ADV |
| 4 | Throughout the summer | worked | ADV |
| 4 | as a landscape gardener | worked | ADV |
| 5 | For dinner | serve | ADV |
| 5 | with red beans and rice | chicken | ADJ |

---

Exercise B:

| Sentence | Prepositional Phrase | Modifies | Type |
|--------|----------------------|----------|------|
| 6 | Near the entrance to the cave | discovered | ADV |
| 6 | to the cave | entrance | ADJ |
| 7 | in the theater | everyone | ADJ |
| 7 | by surprise | took | ADV |
| 8 | of the differences | some | ADJ |
| 8 | between the African elephant and the Asian elephant | differences | ADJ |
| 9 | According to this recipe | baked | ADV |
| 9 | for thirty minutes | baked | ADV |
| 10 | of these lovely quilts | All | ADJ |
| 10 | by hand | made | ADV |
| 11 | of the Internet | development | ADJ |
| 11 | in many ways | changed | ADV |
| 12 | Through the telescope | see | ADV |
| 12 | around Saturn | rings | ADJ |
| 13 | In the living room | chased | ADV |
| 13 | around the couch | chased | ADV |
| 14 | After sunset | is | ADV |
| 14 | for photography | light | ADJ |
| 15 | of a state | capital | ADJ |
| 15 | of a country | capital | ADJ |

---

## 📌 Tips for Students:
- Always ask: What does the phrase tell us about?
- If it tells where, when, how, why, or to what extent → likely ADV
- If it tells which one, whose, or what kind → likely ADJ
- Look for the headword (noun or verb) being modified.
- Remember: Prepositional phrases usually start with a preposition (e.g., in, on, at, by, for, of, through, etc.)

Let me know if you'd like a printable version or visual diagram!