Arabic phonetics chart illustrating long and short vowel sounds.

The image presents a task related to Arabic phonetics, specifically focusing on the difference between short and long vowel sounds in Arabic script. The goal is to match the short way of writing a long sound (using a letter with a long vowel mark) with its long sound form and then break it down into the combination of a short vowel + consonant.

Let’s analyze the structure:

There are three columns:

1. Short way of writing the long sound – This refers to letters that have vowel marks (tashkeel) indicating a long vowel, such as بَـا (bā).
2. Long sound – This is the full written form of the long vowel sound, like بَا (bā).
3. Short sound – This shows how the long sound can be broken down into a short vowel (like ا, ى, و) + a consonant.

We are given the first row as an example:

- بَـا = بَا = ا + ب

This means:
- The short way of writing "bā" is بَـا (with a fatha over the "b").
- The long sound is written as بَا (with a full "a" vowel).
- And this long sound is equivalent to ا (alif) + ب (ba).

Now let's solve the rest based on this pattern.

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Step-by-step solution:

#### Row 2:
- Given: خ → We need to find the long sound form and break it down.
- The long sound for "khā" is خَا (khā).
- The short way is خَـا.
- So:
- Short way: خَـا
- Long sound: خَا
- Breakdown: ا + خ

#### Row 3:
- Given: رْ → This is the ra with sukoon, but we're looking for the long sound.
- The long sound for "rā" is رَا (rā).
- The short way is رَـا.
- So:
- Short way: رَـا
- Long sound: رَا
- Breakdown: ا + ر

#### Row 4:
- Given: غْ → This is ghayn with sukoon.
- The long sound is غَا (ghā).
- The short way is غَـا.
- So:
- Short way: غَـا
- Long sound: غَا
- Breakdown: ا + غ

#### Row 5:
- Given: ضْ → This is dhal with sukoon.
- The long sound is ضَا (dhā).
- The short way is ضَـا.
- So:
- Short way: ضَـا
- Long sound: ضَا
- Breakdown: ا + ض

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Final Answer:

| Short way of writing the long sound | Long sound | Short sound |
|-------------------------------------|------------|-------------|
| بَـا | بَا | ا + ب |
| خَـا | خَا | ا + خ |
| رَـا | رَا | ا + ر |
| غَـا | غَا | ا + غ |
| ضَـا | ضَا | ا + ض |

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Explanation:

In Arabic, long vowels are often represented by combining a consonant with a vowel mark or using alif (ا) to represent the long "a" sound.

- The short way uses the consonant with a fatha (َ), e.g., بَـا.
- The long sound is written with alif added, e.g., بَا.
- The breakdown shows that the long sound "bā" is made up of "a" (ا) + "b" (ب).

This pattern applies to all the letters listed: خ, ر, غ, ض — each has a long "a" sound when followed by alif or marked with a fatha.

✔ So the completed table should look like above.

Let me know if you'd like a visual version or explanation in Arabic!