Bacteria and Viruses Worksheet with interactive learning activities and diagrams.
A colorful educational worksheet titled "Bacteria and Viruses (Worksheet)" featuring sections on bacterial cell anatomy, multiple-choice questions about bacteria and viruses, and a crossword puzzle with terms related to microbiology.
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Step-by-step solution for: Bacteria and Viruses - Worksheet | Printable and Distance Learning ...
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Show Answer Key & Explanations
Step-by-step solution for: Bacteria and Viruses - Worksheet | Printable and Distance Learning ...
Let’s go through each question one by one and solve them carefully.
---
Q.1 True or False?
We’ll check each statement:
1. Bacterial cells are much smaller than plant or animal cells.
→ TRUE. Bacteria are prokaryotes and generally much smaller than eukaryotic plant/animal cells.
2. Bacterial cells are microscopic eukaryotic cells.
→ FALSE. Bacteria are *prokaryotic*, not eukaryotic. Eukaryotes have a nucleus; bacteria don’t.
3. Bacteria have a variety of shapes and features.
→ TRUE. They can be rods, spheres, spirals, etc., and may have flagella, capsules, etc.
4. Aerobic bacteria do not need oxygen to live.
→ FALSE. “Aerobic” means they *do* need oxygen. Anaerobic bacteria don’t need it.
5. Viruses require living host cells to reproduce.
→ TRUE. Viruses can’t replicate on their own — they hijack host cells.
6. Viruses are smaller than bacteria.
→ TRUE. Most viruses are much smaller than even the smallest bacteria.
7. Antibiotics can kill viruses.
→ FALSE. Antibiotics only work on bacteria. Antivirals are used for viruses.
✔ Final Answers for Q.1:
1. T
2. F
3. T
4. F
5. T
6. T
7. F
---
Q.2 Label the bacterial cell anatomy diagram.
The labeled parts in the box are:
- Plasma membrane
- Nucleoid (DNA)
- Cell wall
- Pili
- Flagellum
- Plasmid
- Capsule
- Ribosomes
- Cytoplasm
Looking at the diagram (even though we can’t see it, we know standard bacterial structure):
Typical labeling from outside to inside:
Outermost layer → Capsule
Then → Cell wall
Then → Plasma membrane
Inside → Cytoplasm
Floating in cytoplasm → Ribosomes, Nucleoid (DNA), Plasmid
External structures → Flagellum (long tail), Pili (short hair-like)
Assuming the diagram has arrows pointing to these parts, here’s how you’d label them based on position:
(From top to bottom or left to right as per typical diagrams — but since no image, we use standard knowledge.)
But since this is text-based, I’ll list what each part usually looks like:
- Long whip-like tail → Flagellum
- Short bristle-like projections → Pili
- Outer slimy layer → Capsule
- Rigid outer layer under capsule → Cell wall
- Inner boundary → Plasma membrane
- Gel-like interior → Cytoplasm
- Small dots inside → Ribosomes
- Clumped DNA region → Nucleoid
- Small circular DNA → Plasmid
✔ So if the diagram has 9 blanks, match them accordingly.
*(Note: Since we can’t see the actual diagram, student should match labels to positions using above guide.)*
---
Q.3 Which disease is NOT caused by viruses?
Options:
a) Ringworm → fungal infection
b) AIDS → HIV virus
c) Hepatitis B → virus
d) Influenza → flu virus
✔ Correct answer: a) Ringworm
---
Q.4 Which disease is NOT caused by bacteria?
Options:
a) Tetanus → Clostridium tetani (bacteria)
b) Cholera → Vibrio cholerae (bacteria)
c) Ebola → Ebola virus
d) Tuberculosis → Mycobacterium tuberculosis (bacteria)
✔ Correct answer: c) Ebola
---
Q.5 Which is NOT found in bacteria?
Options:
a) Mitochondria → organelle for energy in eukaryotes → NOT in bacteria
b) Cytoplasm → YES, all cells have it
c) Ribosome → YES, bacteria have ribosomes (smaller ones)
d) Cell wall → YES, most bacteria have cell walls
✔ Correct answer: a) Mitochondria
---
Q.6 Which term defines viruses that infect bacteria?
Options:
a) Endospore → dormant bacterial form
b) Bacteriophage → virus that infects bacteria ✔
c) Capsid → protein coat of virus
d) Antibiotic → kills bacteria
✔ Correct answer: b) Bacteriophage
---
Q.7 How do bacteria reproduce asexually?
Options:
a) Budding → some yeast/fungi
b) Fragmentation → plants/fungi
c) Parthenogenesis → animals (unfertilized egg)
d) Binary fission → splitting into two identical cells ✔
✔ Correct answer: d) binary fission
---
Q.8 Which is NOT a bacterial shape?
Images shown (we assume):
a) Rod-shaped → bacillus → valid
b) Sphere-shaped → coccus → valid
c) Spiral-shaped → spirillum → valid
d) Star-shaped? Or something else? → Not a common bacterial shape
Actually, looking at options — likely option d is an irregular or non-bacterial shape.
Standard shapes: cocci (round), bacilli (rods), spirilla (spiral). Some are comma-shaped (vibrio), but star-shaped isn't typical.
If image d shows something like a cluster of stars or weird shape → not bacterial.
✔ Assuming d is not a real bacterial shape → Answer: d
*(Student should pick the image that doesn’t look like rod, sphere, or spiral.)*
---
Q.9 Microorganisms that cause disease are known as...
Options:
a) assemblies → nonsense
b) endospore → survival structure
c) pathogens → disease-causing agents ✔
d) antibiotics → kill bacteria
✔ Correct answer: c) pathogens
---
Q.10 Which statement about bacteria is INCORRECT?
Options:
a) Require living host cells to reproduce → FALSE! That’s viruses. Bacteria reproduce on their own via binary fission.
b) Some fix nitrogen → true (like Rhizobium)
c) Found almost everywhere → true
d) All are prokaryotes → true
✔ Incorrect statement: a)
---
Q.11 Which microorganism makes its own food from sunlight and CO₂?
Options:
a) Pathogenic bacteria → harmful, don’t make food
b) Viruses → not alive, can’t make food
c) Bacteriophage → virus that infects bacteria
d) Cyanobacteria → photosynthetic bacteria ✔
✔ Correct answer: d) Cyanobacteria
---
Q.12 Label the bacteriophage diagram.
Parts given:
- Tail sheath
- Baseplate
- Tail fiber
- Capsid head
- Collar
- Nucleic acid (DNA)
Standard bacteriophage structure:
Top bulbous part → Capsid head (contains DNA)
Below head → Collar
Long tube below collar → Tail sheath
Bottom plate with fibers → Baseplate
Leg-like structures → Tail fibers
Inside head → Nucleic acid (DNA)
So labeling order (if numbered top to bottom):
1. Capsid head
2. Nucleic acid (inside head)
3. Collar
4. Tail sheath
5. Baseplate
6. Tail fibers
✔ Match labels accordingly.
---
Crossword Puzzle (Q.13–18 across/down)
Let’s solve clues:
Across:
7. Name of eukaryotic living things that are not animals, plants, or fungi → Protists
9. Kind of eukaryotic organism that has cell walls of chitin → Fungus (or Fungi)
11. Viruses that infect bacteria → Bacteriophage
12. Common name for microorganisms that cause disease → Pathogens
14. A form of prokaryotic organism that can photosynthesize, also known as blue-green algae → Cyanobacteria
15. A kind of unicellular flagellated protist that has chloroplasts → Euglena
Down:
1. Protective protein coat surrounding genetic material of a virus → Capsid
2. Single-celled prokaryotic microorganisms that exist almost everywhere on Earth → Bacteria
3. Process where bacterium transfers genetic material to another by direct contact → Conjugation
4. Parasitic organism consisting of symbiotic relationship between algae and fungi → Lichen
5. Non-living agents that reproduce inside a living host cell → Viruses
6. A kind of unicellular eukaryotic organism covered with cilia → Paramecium
8. Type of asexual reproduction where bacterium splits into two identical daughter cells → Binary fission
10. Plant-like protists → Algae
Now fill crossword accordingly.
Example:
Across 7: PROTISTS (8 letters)
Across 9: FUNGUS (6 letters)
Across 11: BACTERIOPHAGE (13 letters)
Across 12: PATHOGENS (9 letters)
Across 14: CYANOBACTERIA (13 letters)
Across 15: EUGLENA (7 letters)
Down 1: CAPSID (6 letters)
Down 2: BACTERIA (8 letters)
Down 3: CONJUGATION (11 letters)
Down 4: LICHEN (6 letters)
Down 5: VIRUSES (7 letters)
Down 6: PARAMECIUM (10 letters)
Down 8: BINARY FISSION (14 letters — might be split?)
Down 10: ALGAE (5 letters)
*(Student should fit these into grid based on letter counts and intersections.)*
---
Final Answer:
Here are all answers compiled clearly:
Q.1:
1. T
2. F
3. T
4. F
5. T
6. T
7. F
Q.2: Match labels to diagram using: Capsule, Cell wall, Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, Nucleoid, Plasmid, Flagellum, Pili
Q.3: a) Ringworm
Q.4: c) Ebola
Q.5: a) Mitochondria
Q.6: b) Bacteriophage
Q.7: d) binary fission
Q.8: d) [the non-standard shape]
Q.9: c) pathogens
Q.10: a) Bacterial cells require living host cells to reproduce.
Q.11: d) Cyanobacteria
Q.12: Label: Capsid head, Nucleic acid, Collar, Tail sheath, Baseplate, Tail fibers
Crossword:
Across: 7.Protists, 9.Fungus, 11.Bacteriophage, 12.Pathogens, 14.Cyanobacteria, 15.Euglena
Down: 1.Capsid, 2.Bacteria, 3.Conjugation, 4.Lichen, 5.Viruses, 6.Paramecium, 8.Binary fission, 10.Algae
---
Q.1 True or False?
We’ll check each statement:
1. Bacterial cells are much smaller than plant or animal cells.
→ TRUE. Bacteria are prokaryotes and generally much smaller than eukaryotic plant/animal cells.
2. Bacterial cells are microscopic eukaryotic cells.
→ FALSE. Bacteria are *prokaryotic*, not eukaryotic. Eukaryotes have a nucleus; bacteria don’t.
3. Bacteria have a variety of shapes and features.
→ TRUE. They can be rods, spheres, spirals, etc., and may have flagella, capsules, etc.
4. Aerobic bacteria do not need oxygen to live.
→ FALSE. “Aerobic” means they *do* need oxygen. Anaerobic bacteria don’t need it.
5. Viruses require living host cells to reproduce.
→ TRUE. Viruses can’t replicate on their own — they hijack host cells.
6. Viruses are smaller than bacteria.
→ TRUE. Most viruses are much smaller than even the smallest bacteria.
7. Antibiotics can kill viruses.
→ FALSE. Antibiotics only work on bacteria. Antivirals are used for viruses.
✔ Final Answers for Q.1:
1. T
2. F
3. T
4. F
5. T
6. T
7. F
---
Q.2 Label the bacterial cell anatomy diagram.
The labeled parts in the box are:
- Plasma membrane
- Nucleoid (DNA)
- Cell wall
- Pili
- Flagellum
- Plasmid
- Capsule
- Ribosomes
- Cytoplasm
Looking at the diagram (even though we can’t see it, we know standard bacterial structure):
Typical labeling from outside to inside:
Outermost layer → Capsule
Then → Cell wall
Then → Plasma membrane
Inside → Cytoplasm
Floating in cytoplasm → Ribosomes, Nucleoid (DNA), Plasmid
External structures → Flagellum (long tail), Pili (short hair-like)
Assuming the diagram has arrows pointing to these parts, here’s how you’d label them based on position:
(From top to bottom or left to right as per typical diagrams — but since no image, we use standard knowledge.)
But since this is text-based, I’ll list what each part usually looks like:
- Long whip-like tail → Flagellum
- Short bristle-like projections → Pili
- Outer slimy layer → Capsule
- Rigid outer layer under capsule → Cell wall
- Inner boundary → Plasma membrane
- Gel-like interior → Cytoplasm
- Small dots inside → Ribosomes
- Clumped DNA region → Nucleoid
- Small circular DNA → Plasmid
✔ So if the diagram has 9 blanks, match them accordingly.
*(Note: Since we can’t see the actual diagram, student should match labels to positions using above guide.)*
---
Q.3 Which disease is NOT caused by viruses?
Options:
a) Ringworm → fungal infection
b) AIDS → HIV virus
c) Hepatitis B → virus
d) Influenza → flu virus
✔ Correct answer: a) Ringworm
---
Q.4 Which disease is NOT caused by bacteria?
Options:
a) Tetanus → Clostridium tetani (bacteria)
b) Cholera → Vibrio cholerae (bacteria)
c) Ebola → Ebola virus
d) Tuberculosis → Mycobacterium tuberculosis (bacteria)
✔ Correct answer: c) Ebola
---
Q.5 Which is NOT found in bacteria?
Options:
a) Mitochondria → organelle for energy in eukaryotes → NOT in bacteria
b) Cytoplasm → YES, all cells have it
c) Ribosome → YES, bacteria have ribosomes (smaller ones)
d) Cell wall → YES, most bacteria have cell walls
✔ Correct answer: a) Mitochondria
---
Q.6 Which term defines viruses that infect bacteria?
Options:
a) Endospore → dormant bacterial form
b) Bacteriophage → virus that infects bacteria ✔
c) Capsid → protein coat of virus
d) Antibiotic → kills bacteria
✔ Correct answer: b) Bacteriophage
---
Q.7 How do bacteria reproduce asexually?
Options:
a) Budding → some yeast/fungi
b) Fragmentation → plants/fungi
c) Parthenogenesis → animals (unfertilized egg)
d) Binary fission → splitting into two identical cells ✔
✔ Correct answer: d) binary fission
---
Q.8 Which is NOT a bacterial shape?
Images shown (we assume):
a) Rod-shaped → bacillus → valid
b) Sphere-shaped → coccus → valid
c) Spiral-shaped → spirillum → valid
d) Star-shaped? Or something else? → Not a common bacterial shape
Actually, looking at options — likely option d is an irregular or non-bacterial shape.
Standard shapes: cocci (round), bacilli (rods), spirilla (spiral). Some are comma-shaped (vibrio), but star-shaped isn't typical.
If image d shows something like a cluster of stars or weird shape → not bacterial.
✔ Assuming d is not a real bacterial shape → Answer: d
*(Student should pick the image that doesn’t look like rod, sphere, or spiral.)*
---
Q.9 Microorganisms that cause disease are known as...
Options:
a) assemblies → nonsense
b) endospore → survival structure
c) pathogens → disease-causing agents ✔
d) antibiotics → kill bacteria
✔ Correct answer: c) pathogens
---
Q.10 Which statement about bacteria is INCORRECT?
Options:
a) Require living host cells to reproduce → FALSE! That’s viruses. Bacteria reproduce on their own via binary fission.
b) Some fix nitrogen → true (like Rhizobium)
c) Found almost everywhere → true
d) All are prokaryotes → true
✔ Incorrect statement: a)
---
Q.11 Which microorganism makes its own food from sunlight and CO₂?
Options:
a) Pathogenic bacteria → harmful, don’t make food
b) Viruses → not alive, can’t make food
c) Bacteriophage → virus that infects bacteria
d) Cyanobacteria → photosynthetic bacteria ✔
✔ Correct answer: d) Cyanobacteria
---
Q.12 Label the bacteriophage diagram.
Parts given:
- Tail sheath
- Baseplate
- Tail fiber
- Capsid head
- Collar
- Nucleic acid (DNA)
Standard bacteriophage structure:
Top bulbous part → Capsid head (contains DNA)
Below head → Collar
Long tube below collar → Tail sheath
Bottom plate with fibers → Baseplate
Leg-like structures → Tail fibers
Inside head → Nucleic acid (DNA)
So labeling order (if numbered top to bottom):
1. Capsid head
2. Nucleic acid (inside head)
3. Collar
4. Tail sheath
5. Baseplate
6. Tail fibers
✔ Match labels accordingly.
---
Crossword Puzzle (Q.13–18 across/down)
Let’s solve clues:
Across:
7. Name of eukaryotic living things that are not animals, plants, or fungi → Protists
9. Kind of eukaryotic organism that has cell walls of chitin → Fungus (or Fungi)
11. Viruses that infect bacteria → Bacteriophage
12. Common name for microorganisms that cause disease → Pathogens
14. A form of prokaryotic organism that can photosynthesize, also known as blue-green algae → Cyanobacteria
15. A kind of unicellular flagellated protist that has chloroplasts → Euglena
Down:
1. Protective protein coat surrounding genetic material of a virus → Capsid
2. Single-celled prokaryotic microorganisms that exist almost everywhere on Earth → Bacteria
3. Process where bacterium transfers genetic material to another by direct contact → Conjugation
4. Parasitic organism consisting of symbiotic relationship between algae and fungi → Lichen
5. Non-living agents that reproduce inside a living host cell → Viruses
6. A kind of unicellular eukaryotic organism covered with cilia → Paramecium
8. Type of asexual reproduction where bacterium splits into two identical daughter cells → Binary fission
10. Plant-like protists → Algae
Now fill crossword accordingly.
Example:
Across 7: PROTISTS (8 letters)
Across 9: FUNGUS (6 letters)
Across 11: BACTERIOPHAGE (13 letters)
Across 12: PATHOGENS (9 letters)
Across 14: CYANOBACTERIA (13 letters)
Across 15: EUGLENA (7 letters)
Down 1: CAPSID (6 letters)
Down 2: BACTERIA (8 letters)
Down 3: CONJUGATION (11 letters)
Down 4: LICHEN (6 letters)
Down 5: VIRUSES (7 letters)
Down 6: PARAMECIUM (10 letters)
Down 8: BINARY FISSION (14 letters — might be split?)
Down 10: ALGAE (5 letters)
*(Student should fit these into grid based on letter counts and intersections.)*
---
Final Answer:
Here are all answers compiled clearly:
Q.1:
1. T
2. F
3. T
4. F
5. T
6. T
7. F
Q.2: Match labels to diagram using: Capsule, Cell wall, Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, Nucleoid, Plasmid, Flagellum, Pili
Q.3: a) Ringworm
Q.4: c) Ebola
Q.5: a) Mitochondria
Q.6: b) Bacteriophage
Q.7: d) binary fission
Q.8: d) [the non-standard shape]
Q.9: c) pathogens
Q.10: a) Bacterial cells require living host cells to reproduce.
Q.11: d) Cyanobacteria
Q.12: Label: Capsid head, Nucleic acid, Collar, Tail sheath, Baseplate, Tail fibers
Crossword:
Across: 7.Protists, 9.Fungus, 11.Bacteriophage, 12.Pathogens, 14.Cyanobacteria, 15.Euglena
Down: 1.Capsid, 2.Bacteria, 3.Conjugation, 4.Lichen, 5.Viruses, 6.Paramecium, 8.Binary fission, 10.Algae
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of bacteria worksheet answers.
