DNA and RNA base pairing worksheet with transcription and translation exercises.

Absolutely! Let’s solve each question step by step, explaining the biological rules behind each answer.

---

1. Fill in missing DNA bases (complementary strand)

Given:

```
G A T T A C A _ _
C T A A _ _ T T G
```

✔ Rule: In DNA, base pairing follows:
- A ↔ T (Adenine pairs with Thymine)
- C ↔ G (Cytosine pairs with Guanine)

Let’s fill the blanks:

Top row, positions 8 and 9:
Bottom row has `T` and `G` → So top must be `A` and `C`

Bottom row, positions 5 and 6:
Top row has `A` and `C` → So bottom must be `T` and `G`

✔ Completed:

```
G A T T A C A A C
C T A A T G T T G
```

---

2. Fill in all missing DNA bases (complementary strand)

Given:

```
C T T C C G C A A
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
```

✔ Apply same DNA base pairing rule:

- C → G
- T → A
- T → A
- C → G
- C → G
- G → C
- C → G
- A → T
- A → T

✔ Completed:

```
C T T C C G C A A
G A A G G C G T T
```

---

3. DNA undergoing Transcription → Fill in DNA and RNA bases

Given:

```
DNA: A T _ C _ G _ _ T C
RNA: _ _ A _ G _ U C _ _
```

✔ Rules:
- DNA to RNA transcription:
- DNA A → RNA U
- DNA T → RNA A
- DNA C → RNA G
- DNA G → RNA C

We’ll use the RNA to find the DNA (or vice versa) using this rule.

Let’s go column by column:

1. DNA = A → RNA = U
2. DNA = T → RNA = A
3. RNA = A → DNA = T (because T→A in RNA)
4. DNA = C → RNA = G
5. RNA = G → DNA = C
6. DNA = G → RNA = C
7. RNA = U → DNA = A
8. RNA = C → DNA = G
9. DNA = T → RNA = A
10. DNA = C → RNA = G

✔ Completed:

```
DNA: A T T C C G A G T C
RNA: U A A G G C U C A G
```

---

4. DNA undergoing Transcription → Fill in RNA strand

Given DNA:

```
T A C C G G T T T A
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
```

✔ Apply transcription rules:

- T → A
- A → U
- C → G
- C → G
- G → C
- G → C
- T → A
- T → A
- T → A
- A → U

✔ Completed RNA:

```
T A C C G G T T T A
A U G G C C A A A U
```

---

5. RNA transcript undergoing Translation → Match anticodon to codon

Given RNA codons:

```
AUG ACG GAG CUU CGG AGC AAA UAA
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
```

✔ Rule: During translation, tRNA brings an anticodon that is complementary to the mRNA codon.

Base pairing for RNA-RNA (codon ↔ anticodon):
- A ↔ U
- U ↔ A
- C ↔ G
- G ↔ C

So for each codon, flip each base:

1. AUG → UAC
2. ACG → UGC
3. GAG → CUC
4. CUU → GAA
5. CGG → GCC
6. AGC → UCG
7. AAA → UUU
8. UAA → AUU

✔ Completed anticodons:

```
AUG ACG GAG CUU CGG AGC AAA UAA
UAC UGC CUC GAA GCC UCG UUU AUU
```

---

## ✔ Final Answers Summary:

1.

```
G A T T A C A A C
C T A A T G T T G
```

2.

```
C T T C C G C A A
G A A G G C G T T
```

3.

```
DNA: A T T C C G A G T C
RNA: U A A G G C U C A G
```

4.

```
DNA: T A C C G G T T T A
RNA: A U G G C C A A A U
```

5.

```
Codon: AUG ACG GAG CUU CGG AGC AAA UAA
Anticodon: UAC UGC CUC GAA GCC UCG UUU AUU
```

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Let me know if you’d like a diagram or further explanation of any step! 🧬