Atomic structure comparison of Carbon, Phosphorus, and Potassium.

Let’s solve this step by step for each element: Carbon, Phosphorus, and Potassium.

We’ll use the periodic table to find:
- Atomic Number = number of protons (and also electrons in a neutral atom)
- Atomic Mass ≈ rounded to nearest whole number → used to find neutrons
- Neutrons = Atomic Mass – Atomic Number

Also, from the Bohr model diagrams:
- The center circle has “p =” and “n =” → that’s protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
- The rings around it are electron shells → total electrons = sum of electrons in all shells (but since atoms are neutral, electrons = protons).

---

1. Carbon

From periodic table:
- Atomic Number = 6 → so protons = 6, electrons = 6
- Atomic Mass ≈ 12 → so neutrons = 12 – 6 = 6

Bohr model shows 2 rings → first shell holds 2, second holds 4 → total 6 electrons ✔️

So:
- Atomic Number: 6
- Atomic Mass: 12
- Protons: 6
- Electrons: 6
- Neutrons: 6

In nucleus diagram: p = 6, n = 6

---

2. Phosphorus

From periodic table:
- Atomic Number = 15 → protons = 15, electrons = 15
- Atomic Mass ≈ 31 → neutrons = 31 – 15 = 16

Bohr model shows 3 rings → likely 2 + 8 + 5 = 15 electrons ✔️

So:
- Atomic Number: 15
- Atomic Mass: 31
- Protons: 15
- Electrons: 15
- Neutrons: 16

In nucleus diagram: p = 15, n = 16

---

3. Potassium

From periodic table:
- Atomic Number = 19 → protons = 19, electrons = 19
- Atomic Mass ≈ 39 → neutrons = 39 – 19 = 20

Bohr model shows 4 rings → likely 2 + 8 + 8 + 1 = 19 electrons ✔️

So:
- Atomic Number: 19
- Atomic Mass: 39
- Protons: 19
- Electrons: 19
- Neutrons: 20

In nucleus diagram: p = 19, n = 20

---

Final Answer:

Carbon:
- Atomic Number: 6
- Atomic Mass: 12
- Number of Protons: 6
- Number of Electrons: 6
- Number of Neutrons: 6
- In nucleus: p = 6, n = 6

Phosphorus:
- Atomic Number: 15
- Atomic Mass: 31
- Number of Protons: 15
- Number of Electrons: 15
- Number of Neutrons: 16
- In nucleus: p = 15, n = 16

Potassium:
- Atomic Number: 19
- Atomic Mass: 39
- Number of Protons: 19
- Number of Electrons: 19
- Number of Neutrons: 20
- In nucleus: p = 19, n = 20