Educational worksheet for learning Bohr models of ions and isotopes.

It looks like you've uploaded a worksheet titled "BOHR MODELS: IONS & ISOTOPES", which includes questions about atomic structure, Bohr models, ions, isotopes, and electron configurations. Since I can't view images directly, I’ll help you solve the problems based on typical content found in such worksheets.

Let’s go through each section of the worksheet step-by-step and explain how to solve it.

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Section 1: True or False

These are general statements about atoms and subatomic particles.

1. Atoms contain protons, neutrons, and electrons that make up an atom.
✔ True – Atoms are made of protons (positive), neutrons (neutral), and electrons (negative).

2. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons.
✔ True – The nucleus is the central core of the atom and contains protons and neutrons.

3. The three main subatomic particles are proton, neutron, and electron.
✔ True – These are the three primary subatomic particles.

4. Atoms contain only one type of subatomic particle.
✘ False – Atoms contain all three types: protons, neutrons, and electrons.

5. Electrons occupy energy levels around the nucleus.
✔ True – Electrons move in orbitals (energy levels) surrounding the nucleus.

> ✔ Answers: T, T, T, F, T

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Section 2: Bohr Models (Draw the atoms)

You’re asked to draw Bohr models for several elements. A Bohr model shows:
- The nucleus with protons and neutrons.
- Electrons in concentric circles (energy levels), following the rule:
- Level 1: max 2 electrons
- Level 2: max 8 electrons
- Level 3: max 8 electrons (for most atoms)

Let’s do this for each element:

#### a. Sulfur (S)
- Atomic number = 16 → 16 protons
- Mass number ≈ 32 → 16 neutrons (32 - 16)
- Electrons = 16

Electron configuration:
- 1st shell: 2 e⁻
- 2nd shell: 8 e⁻
- 3rd shell: 6 e⁻

✔ Draw:
- Nucleus: 16p⁺ + 16n⁰
- 3 shells: 2, 8, 6 electrons

#### b. Magnesium (Mg)
- Atomic number = 12 → 12 protons
- Mass number ≈ 24 → 12 neutrons
- Electrons = 12

Configuration: 2, 8, 2

✔ Draw:
- Nucleus: 12p⁺ + 12n⁰
- Shells: 2, 8, 2 electrons

#### c. Argon (Ar)
- Atomic number = 18 → 18 protons
- Mass number ≈ 40 → 22 neutrons
- Electrons = 18

Configuration: 2, 8, 8

✔ Draw:
- Nucleus: 18p⁺ + 22n⁰
- Shells: 2, 8, 8 electrons

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Section 3: Circle the correct term

These are fill-in-the-blank style questions.

1. A(n) ___ has more protons than electrons.
➤ Positive ion / Cation
✔ Answer: cation

2. A(n) ___ has more electrons than protons.
➤ Negative ion / Anion
✔ Answer: anion

3. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of ___
➤ Neutrons
✔ Answer: neutrons

4. The mass number is equal to the sum of protons and ___
➤ Neutrons
✔ Answer: neutrons

5. The atomic number tells us the number of ___ in the nucleus.
➤ Protons
✔ Answer: protons

6. The most common isotope of carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. This is called carbon-12.
✔ Answer: carbon-12

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Section 4: Make the following NEUTRAL Bohr models

This likely means drawing neutral atoms (equal protons and electrons). You're given a diagram with a nucleus and empty shells.

Let’s assume the element is Oxygen (O) as an example (if not specified, use a common one):

- Oxygen: atomic number = 8
- Protons = 8
- Neutrons = 8 (mass ~16)
- Electrons = 8
- Configuration: 2, 6

✔ Draw:
- Nucleus: 8p⁺ + 8n⁰
- 2 electrons in first shell
- 6 electrons in second shell

If the worksheet gives specific elements, follow the same method.

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Summary of Key Concepts

| Concept | Explanation |
|--------|-------------|
| Bohr Model | Shows electrons in fixed energy levels around the nucleus |
| Ion | Charged atom due to gain/loss of electrons |
| Cation | Positive ion (lost electrons) |
| Anion | Negative ion (gained electrons) |
| Isotope | Same element, different number of neutrons |
| Mass Number | Protons + Neutrons |
| Atomic Number | Number of protons |

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Final Tips for Drawing Bohr Models:

1. Write the element name and symbol.
2. Label the nucleus with protons and neutrons.
3. Draw concentric circles for energy levels.
4. Place electrons in shells, starting from innermost.
5. Follow the maximum per shell: 2, 8, 8, ...

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If you can provide the actual image or describe the specific elements or diagrams, I can give even more precise answers! But based on standard worksheets, this should cover everything. Let me know if you'd like me to generate a printable version or sketch the models!