1. a. Traits are controlled by discrete units (genes) that are passed from parents to offspring.
b. Each organism has two copies of each gene, one from each parent, and these copies segregate during gamete formation.
2. Homologous chromosomes are chromosome pairs (one from each parent) that are similar in shape, size, and gene content; they carry genes for the same traits at corresponding loci.
3. a. 2N
b. Contains two sets of homologous chromosomes
4. b. 4
5. The diagrams should be drawn as follows:
- Prophase I: Chromosomes are condensed and visible as paired homologous chromosomes (tetrads), with crossing over possibly indicated.
- Metaphase I: Tetrads (homologous pairs) align along the metaphase plate (equator of the cell).
- Anaphase II: Sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell (note: this is after meiosis I, so cells are haploid).
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of chapter 10 mendel and meiosis worksheet answers.