Educational worksheet for learning about elements using the periodic table.

To solve the problem, we need to fill in the table using information from the periodic table. Here's a step-by-step explanation of how to do this:

Key Concepts:

1. Symbol: The one- or two-letter abbreviation for the element.
2. Atomic Mass: The average mass of an atom of the element (usually rounded to two decimal places).
3. Atomic Number: The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of the element.
4. Number of Protons: Equal to the atomic number.
5. Number of Electrons: In a neutral atom, equal to the number of protons.
6. Number of Neutrons: Calculated as \( \text{Atomic Mass (rounded to nearest whole number)} - \text{Atomic Number} \).

Solution:

#### Sodium (Na)
- Symbol: Na
- Atomic Mass: 22.99
- Atomic Number: 11
- Number of Protons: 11
- Number of Electrons: 11
- Number of Neutrons: \( 23 - 11 = 12 \)

#### Phosphorus (P)
- Symbol: P
- Atomic Mass: 30.97
- Atomic Number: 15
- Number of Protons: 15
- Number of Electrons: 15
- Number of Neutrons: \( 31 - 15 = 16 \)

#### Potassium (K)
- Symbol: K
- Atomic Mass: 39.10
- Atomic Number: 19
- Number of Protons: 19
- Number of Electrons: 19
- Number of Neutrons: \( 39 - 19 = 20 \)

#### Calcium (Ca)
- Symbol: Ca
- Atomic Mass: 40.08
- Atomic Number: 20
- Number of Protons: 20
- Number of Electrons: 20
- Number of Neutrons: \( 40 - 20 = 20 \)

#### Chlorine (Cl)
- Symbol: Cl
- Atomic Mass: 35.45
- Atomic Number: 17
- Number of Protons: 17
- Number of Electrons: 17
- Number of Neutrons: \( 35 - 17 = 18 \)

#### Argon (Ar)
- Symbol: Ar
- Atomic Mass: 39.95
- Atomic Number: 18
- Number of Protons: 18
- Number of Electrons: 18
- Number of Neutrons: \( 40 - 18 = 22 \)

#### Boron (B)
- Symbol: B
- Atomic Mass: 10.81
- Atomic Number: 5
- Number of Protons: 5
- Number of Electrons: 5
- Number of Neutrons: \( 11 - 5 = 6 \)

#### Carbon (C)
- Symbol: C
- Atomic Mass: 12.01
- Atomic Number: 6
- Number of Protons: 6
- Number of Electrons: 6
- Number of Neutrons: \( 12 - 6 = 6 \)

#### Magnesium (Mg)
- Symbol: Mg
- Atomic Mass: 24.31
- Atomic Number: 12
- Number of Protons: 12
- Number of Electrons: 12
- Number of Neutrons: \( 24 - 12 = 12 \)

#### Helium (He)
- Symbol: He
- Atomic Mass: 4.00
- Atomic Number: 2
- Number of Protons: 2
- Number of Electrons: 2
- Number of Neutrons: \( 4 - 2 = 2 \)

#### Neon (Ne)
- Symbol: Ne
- Atomic Mass: 20.18
- Atomic Number: 10
- Number of Protons: 10
- Number of Electrons: 10
- Number of Neutrons: \( 20 - 10 = 10 \)

#### Aluminum (Al)
- Symbol: Al
- Atomic Mass: 26.98
- Atomic Number: 13
- Number of Protons: 13
- Number of Electrons: 13
- Number of Neutrons: \( 27 - 13 = 14 \)

#### Silicon (Si)
- Symbol: Si
- Atomic Mass: 28.09
- Atomic Number: 14
- Number of Protons: 14
- Number of Electrons: 14
- Number of Neutrons: \( 28 - 14 = 14 \)

#### Lithium (Li)
- Symbol: Li
- Atomic Mass: 6.94
- Atomic Number: 3
- Number of Protons: 3
- Number of Electrons: 3
- Number of Neutrons: \( 7 - 3 = 4 \)

#### Beryllium (Be)
- Symbol: Be
- Atomic Mass: 9.01
- Atomic Number: 4
- Number of Protons: 4
- Number of Electrons: 4
- Number of Neutrons: \( 9 - 4 = 5 \)

#### Sulphur (S)
- Symbol: S
- Atomic Mass: 32.06
- Atomic Number: 16
- Number of Protons: 16
- Number of Electrons: 16
- Number of Neutrons: \( 32 - 16 = 16 \)

#### Oxygen (O)
- Symbol: O
- Atomic Mass: 16.00
- Atomic Number: 8
- Number of Protons: 8
- Number of Electrons: 8
- Number of Neutrons: \( 16 - 8 = 8 \)

#### Hydrogen (H)
- Symbol: H
- Atomic Mass: 1.01
- Atomic Number: 1
- Number of Protons: 1
- Number of Electrons: 1
- Number of Neutrons: \( 1 - 1 = 0 \)

#### Nitrogen (N)
- Symbol: N
- Atomic Mass: 14.01
- Atomic Number: 7
- Number of Protons: 7
- Number of Electrons: 7
- Number of Neutrons: \( 14 - 7 = 7 \)

#### Fluorine (F)
- Symbol: F
- Atomic Mass: 19.00
- Atomic Number: 9
- Number of Protons: 9
- Number of Electrons: 9
- Number of Neutrons: \( 19 - 9 = 10 \)

Final Answer:

\[
\boxed{
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\text{Element} & \text{Symbol} & \text{Atomic Mass} & \text{Atomic Number} & \text{Number of Protons} & \text{Number of Electrons} & \text{Number of Neutrons} \\
\hline
\text{Sodium} & \text{Na} & 22.99 & 11 & 11 & 11 & 12 \\
\hline
\text{Phosphorus} & \text{P} & 30.97 & 15 & 15 & 15 & 16 \\
\hline
\text{Potassium} & \text{K} & 39.10 & 19 & 19 & 19 & 20 \\
\hline
\text{Calcium} & \text{Ca} & 40.08 & 20 & 20 & 20 & 20 \\
\hline
\text{Chlorine} & \text{Cl} & 35.45 & 17 & 17 & 17 & 18 \\
\hline
\text{Argon} & \text{Ar} & 39.95 & 18 & 18 & 18 & 22 \\
\hline
\text{Boron} & \text{B} & 10.81 & 5 & 5 & 5 & 6 \\
\hline
\text{Carbon} & \text{C} & 12.01 & 6 & 6 & 6 & 6 \\
\hline
\text{Magnesium} & \text{Mg} & 24.31 & 12 & 12 & 12 & 12 \\
\hline
\text{Helium} & \text{He} & 4.00 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 \\
\hline
\text{Neon} & \text{Ne} & 20.18 & 10 & 10 & 10 & 10 \\
\hline
\text{Aluminum} & \text{Al} & 26.98 & 13 & 13 & 13 & 14 \\
\hline
\text{Silicon} & \text{Si} & 28.09 & 14 & 14 & 14 & 14 \\
\hline
\text{Lithium} & \text{Li} & 6.94 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 4 \\
\hline
\text{Beryllium} & \text{Be} & 9.01 & 4 & 4 & 4 & 5 \\
\hline
\text{Sulphur} & \text{S} & 32.06 & 16 & 16 & 16 & 16 \\
\hline
\text{Oxygen} & \text{O} & 16.00 & 8 & 8 & 8 & 8 \\
\hline
\text{Hydrogen} & \text{H} & 1.01 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 \\
\hline
\text{Nitrogen} & \text{N} & 14.01 & 7 & 7 & 7 & 7 \\
\hline
\text{Fluorine} & \text{F} & 19.00 & 9 & 9 & 9 & 10 \\
\hline
\end{array}
}
\]