Cladogram showing the evolutionary relationships among different animals based on shared derived characteristics.

Problem Analysis:

The task involves interpreting a cladogram, which is a diagram used to represent evolutionary relationships among different groups of organisms. The cladogram shows how certain derived characteristics (new traits that evolved in a lineage) are shared among the organisms listed.

#### Cladogram Details:
- Organisms: Hagfish, Perch, Salamander, Lizard, Pigeon, Mouse, Chimp.
- Derived Characteristics:
- Jaws
- Lungs
- Claws or nails
- Feathers
- Fur and mammary glands

Questions to Solve:

1. How many derived characteristics are represented on the diagram above?
2. Which animals have claws or nails?

---

Solution:

#### Step 1: Count the Derived Characteristics
To determine how many derived characteristics are represented in the cladogram, we need to identify all the labels pointing to specific branches or nodes in the diagram. These labels indicate the evolution of new traits.

From the cladogram:
- Jaws
- Lungs
- Claws or nails
- Feathers
- Fur; mammary glands

There are 5 derived characteristics in total.

#### Answer to Question 1:
The number of derived characteristics represented on the diagram is:
\[
\boxed{5}
\]

---

#### Step 2: Identify Animals with "Claws or Nails"
The cladogram shows that the trait "Claws or nails" is associated with a specific branch. To determine which animals have this trait, we need to look at the organisms that fall under this branch.

From the cladogram:
- The "Claws or nails" trait is shared by the following animals:
- Lizard
- Pigeon
- Mouse
- Chimp

#### Answer to Question 2:
The animals that have claws or nails are:
\[
\boxed{\text{Lizard, Pigeon, Mouse, Chimp}}
\]

---

Final Answers:

1. How many derived characteristics are represented on the diagram above?
\[
\boxed{5}
\]

2. Which animals have claws or nails?
\[
\boxed{\text{Lizard, Pigeon, Mouse, Chimp}}
\]