Genetic Heredity Worksheet featuring vocabulary terms like Gene, Allele, Genotype, Phenotype, Homozygous, Heterozygous, Recessive Allele, Dominant Allele, Test Cross, and Monohybrid Cross, with corresponding definitions to match.

Task: Match the vocabulary terms with their correct definitions.

Here is the solution with explanations for each term:

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#### 1. Gene
- Definition: A unit of hereditary information with a specific sequence in DNA.
- Correct Answer: C

Explanation: A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein or RNA molecule. It is the basic unit of heredity and determines traits by coding for proteins.

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#### 2. Allele
- Definition: Alternative form of a gene, located at a specific point on a chromosome (DNA coding that will determine distinct traits).
- Correct Answer: A

Explanation: An allele is one of two or more alternative forms of a gene. These different forms can lead to variations in traits, such as eye color or height.

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#### 3. Genotype
- Definition: The genetic makeup or set of alleles of an organism.
- Correct Answer: F

Explanation: The genotype refers to the combination of alleles an organism has for a particular gene. It describes the genetic composition, which may or may not be expressed in the phenotype.

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#### 4. Phenotype
- Definition: The physical traits of an organism determined by genetic makeup.
- Correct Answer: J

Explanation: The phenotype is the observable characteristics of an organism, such as its appearance, behavior, or other traits. These traits are influenced by both the genotype and environmental factors.

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#### 5. Homozygous
- Definition: Having two identical alleles for a given gene.
- Correct Answer: B

Explanation: An organism is homozygous for a gene if it has two identical alleles (e.g., AA or aa). This means both alleles are either dominant or recessive.

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#### 6. Heterozygous
- Definition: Having two different alleles for a given gene.
- Correct Answer: D

Explanation: An organism is heterozygous for a gene if it has two different alleles (e.g., Aa). This means one allele is dominant, and the other is recessive.

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#### 7. Recessive Allele
- Definition: Allele’s phenotypic effect is not observed in a heterozygote.
- Correct Answer: G

Explanation: A recessive allele is only expressed when the organism is homozygous for that allele (e.g., aa). In a heterozygote (Aa), the dominant allele masks the recessive allele's effect.

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#### 8. Dominant Allele
- Definition: Allele’s phenotypic effect is fully expressed in a heterozygote.
- Correct Answer: H

Explanation: A dominant allele is expressed in both homozygous (AA) and heterozygous (Aa) conditions. Its effect is visible even when paired with a recessive allele.

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#### 9. Test Cross
- Definition: Breeding an organism of an unknown genotype with an organism with a homozygous recessive genotype. The offspring phenotype will determine the unknown genotype.
- Correct Answer: E

Explanation: A test cross is used to determine the genotype of an organism with an unknown genotype. By crossing it with a homozygous recessive organism, the phenotypes of the offspring reveal whether the unknown organism is homozygous dominant, heterozygous, or homozygous recessive.

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#### 10. Monohybrid Cross
- Definition: A genetic cross between homozygous individuals that have different alleles for the gene of interest (AA x aa).
- Correct Answer: I

Explanation: A monohybrid cross involves breeding two homozygous organisms that differ in a single trait (e.g., AA x aa). This type of cross is used to study the inheritance of a single gene.

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Final Matched Answers:

| Vocabulary Word | Correct Definition |
|-----------------------|--------------------|
| Gene | C |
| Allele | A |
| Genotype | F |
| Phenotype | J |
| Homozygous | B |
| Heterozygous | D |
| Recessive Allele | G |
| Dominant Allele | H |
| Test Cross | E |
| Monohybrid Cross | I |

Final Answer:

\boxed{
\begin{array}{ll}
\text{Gene} & \text{C} \\
\text{Allele} & \text{A} \\
\text{Genotype} & \text{F} \\
\text{Phenotype} & \text{J} \\
\text{Homozygous} & \text{B} \\
\text{Heterozygous} & \text{D} \\
\text{Recessive Allele} & \text{G} \\
\text{Dominant Allele} & \text{H} \\
\text{Test Cross} & \text{E} \\
\text{Monohybrid Cross} & \text{I} \\
\end{array}
}