1. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.
2. The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
3. The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose.
4. The phosphate group forms the backbone of the DNA molecule along with the sugar.
5. The two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.
6. Adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine.
7. The structure of DNA is a double helix.
8. The process of copying DNA is called replication.
9. During replication, the enzyme helicase unwinds the DNA double helix.
10. DNA polymerase adds new nucleotides to the growing strand during replication.
11. The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments called Okazaki fragments.
12. The purpose of DNA replication is to produce two identical copies of DNA for cell division.
13. A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or functional RNA molecule.
14. Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can alter gene function.
15. DNA is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and in the nucleoid region of prokaryotic cells.
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