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Step-by-step solution for: Dna Replication Worksheet: Complete with ease | airSlate SignNow
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Step-by-step solution for: Dna Replication Worksheet: Complete with ease | airSlate SignNow
Let’s go through each question one by one and fill in the correct answers based on biology facts about the cell cycle, DNA replication, transcription, and translation.
---
1. The process by which a cell splits into two daughter cells is called _cell division_.
✔ Correct — that’s the basic definition.
---
2. DNA wraps itself around proteins called _histones_, which aid in the tight packing of DNA into chromosomes.
✔ Histones are the proteins DNA wraps around to form nucleosomes, helping pack DNA tightly.
---
3. Cells spend most of their time in what phase? _interphase_
✔ Yes — interphase is the longest part of the cell cycle, where the cell grows and copies its DNA.
---
4. During cell division, DNA _molecules_ are duplicated before cell division so that each new daughter cell has a complete set.
Actually, let’s think: It’s not “DNA molecules” — it’s more precise to say chromosomes or DNA strands. But looking at context, the blank probably expects “chromosomes” because we duplicate chromosomes (each made of DNA) before division.
Wait — actually, in many textbooks, they say:
> “During cell division, DNA is replicated...” but here the sentence says “DNA ___ are duplicated”.
So grammatically, it needs a plural noun. The best fit is chromosomes — because chromosomes contain DNA and are duplicated.
But wait — sometimes they say “DNA molecules” — but that’s less common. Let me check standard phrasing.
Actually, in many worksheets, this blank is filled with “chromosomes”.
BUT — looking at the student’s handwritten answer: they wrote “molecules”. That’s technically okay, but not the most accurate term in this context.
However, since this is a worksheet and we’re correcting/filling blanks, let’s use the standard expected answer.
Standard answer: chromosomes
Wait — no! Actually, DNA itself is duplicated — so perhaps “strands”? Or maybe the word is “copies”? Hmm.
Let me re-read:
“DNA ___ are duplicated”
The subject is “DNA”, so if we say “DNA molecules”, that works — because DNA exists as molecules.
In fact, in some curricula, they do say “DNA molecules are duplicated”.
Given that the student wrote “molecules”, and it’s acceptable, I’ll keep it — but note: better would be “chromosomes” if referring to structures, but DNA molecules is also correct.
Actually, let’s look ahead — question 5 lists phases of cell cycle including mitosis stages — so likely this is middle/high school level.
At that level, they often say: “DNA is copied” or “chromosomes are duplicated”.
But the sentence says “DNA ___ are duplicated” — so plural noun after DNA.
Best answer: molecules — because DNA is made of molecules, and they get duplicated.
I think “molecules” is fine here.
---
5. The 4 phases of the cell cycle include _interphase_, _prophase_, _metaphase_, _anaphase_, and _telophase_.
Wait — hold on! The cell cycle includes:
- Interphase (G1, S, G2)
- Mitotic phase (M phase): prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase + cytokinesis
But the question says “the 4 phases of the cell cycle” — that’s misleading.
Actually, the cell cycle has 4 main phases: G1, S, G2, M.
But then it lists 5 blanks: interphase, ___, ___, ___, and ___
And the student wrote: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase — which are the stages of MITOSIS, not the entire cell cycle.
This is a common confusion.
Let’s clarify:
- The cell cycle consists of:
- Interphase (which includes G1, S, G2)
- M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis)
Mitosis itself has 4 phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
So if the question says “the 4 phases of the cell cycle”, it might mean the 4 parts: G1, S, G2, M.
But the way it’s written: “include _interphase_, ___, ___, ___, and ___” — that’s 5 items.
That doesn’t make sense for 4 phases.
Perhaps it’s a typo, and it means “phases of mitosis”?
Looking at the student’s answer: they put interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase — which is wrong because interphase is NOT part of mitosis.
Correct structure:
If it’s asking for phases of the cell cycle, it should be: G1, S, G2, M — but those aren’t listed.
If it’s asking for phases of mitosis, it’s: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase — 4 phases.
But the blank starts with “interphase” already filled — so maybe the question is misworded.
Wait — perhaps it’s listing the major stages including interphase and then the 4 mitotic phases? But that would be 5 total.
Many teachers simplify and say the cell cycle has: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase — even though technically interphase is separate from mitosis.
Given that, and since the student wrote that, and it’s commonly taught that way at introductory levels, I’ll accept:
interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
But strictly speaking, interphase is not a phase of mitosis — it’s before mitosis.
However, for this worksheet, we’ll go with what’s expected.
---
6. The centrioles and centrosomes are produced and duplicated during _interphase_.
✔ Yes — specifically in the S phase of interphase, organelles like centrioles are duplicated.
---
7. During which step of interphase does the cell’s chromosomes replicate? _S phase_
✔ Correct — S stands for Synthesis, when DNA replication happens.
---
8. When a cell divides, each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell’s _DNA_.
✔ Yes — genetic material is DNA.
---
9. Explain one advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction.
Student wrote: “Genetic Diversity”
✔ Perfect — that’s the key advantage. Sexual reproduction mixes genes from two parents, leading to variation, which helps populations adapt.
---
10. During prophase, DNA coils up and becomes a visible _chromosome_.
✔ Yes — chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes.
---
11. The picture on the right shows a chromosome. What kind do chromosomes appear in mitosis? _sister chromatids_
Wait — the student wrote “Make spindle fibers to either side of the chromosomes apart during anaphase.” — that’s not answering the question.
The question is: “What kind do chromosomes appear in mitosis?”
Actually, during mitosis, chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids joined at the centromere — until anaphase when they separate.
So the answer should be: sister chromatids
Or perhaps “duplicated chromosomes” — but “sister chromatids” is precise.
The student’s answer is incorrect — they described function, not appearance.
Correct answer: sister chromatids
---
12. Normal humans have _46_ chromosomes.
✔ Yes — 23 pairs.
---
13. Human gametes have a total of _23_ chromosomes.
✔ Yes — haploid number.
---
14. During _prophase_, the nucleus begins to disappear.
✔ Yes — nuclear envelope breaks down in prophase.
---
15. During telophase, chromosomes return to chromatin.
✔ Yes — they decondense back into chromatin.
---
16. During which 3 phases are chromosomes visible? _prophase, metaphase, anaphase_
✔ Yes — they are visible from prophase through anaphase; in telophase they start to uncoil.
Some might include early telophase, but typically, visible during prophase, metaphase, anaphase.
Telophase — they are still somewhat visible but starting to fade.
Standard answer: prophase, metaphase, anaphase.
Student wrote: “prophase, metaphase, anaphase” — perfect.
---
Now, let’s compile all corrected answers:
1. cell division
2. histones
3. interphase
4. chromosomes *(better than "molecules" — though both could work, "chromosomes" is more accurate in context)*
→ Wait, let's double-check: In many sources, it says "DNA is replicated", but here it says "DNA ___ are duplicated". If we say "DNA molecules", it's acceptable. However, in educational contexts, they often expect "chromosomes" because that's what gets duplicated structurally. But DNA molecules is not wrong. Given the student wrote "molecules", and it's plausible, I'll note both but choose "chromosomes" as better. Actually, upon second thought — DNA is duplicated, meaning the molecule is copied. So "DNA molecules" is correct. I'll stick with "molecules" as per student, but mark it as acceptable.
→ Final decision: Since the question says "DNA ___ are duplicated", and DNA is composed of molecules, "molecules" is grammatically and scientifically acceptable. Keep it.
5. interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase *(even though interphase isn't part of mitosis, it's commonly grouped this way in intro bio)*
6. interphase
7. S phase
8. DNA
9. Genetic diversity (or any valid advantage like adaptation, evolution, etc.)
10. chromosome
11. sister chromatids *(student's answer was wrong — corrected)*
12. 46
13. 23
14. prophase
15. telophase
16. prophase, metaphase, anaphase
For question 4, I think "chromosomes" is better because when we say "duplicated", we usually refer to chromosomes being duplicated (each consisting of two chromatids). DNA molecules being duplicated is true, but in cell biology context, "chromosomes" is the term used for the duplicated structures.
Let me confirm with a reliable source mindset: In Campbell Biology, they say "chromosomes are duplicated during S phase".
So for accuracy, I'll change #4 to chromosomes.
Similarly, for #5, although interphase is not a phase of mitosis, the question might be poorly worded, and since it starts with "interphase" already filled, we'll list the next four as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase — implying the mitotic phases following interphase.
Okay, final answers:
1. cell division
2. histones
3. interphase
4. chromosomes
5. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase [since interphase is already given, the other four are the mitotic phases]
→ Wait, the blank is: "include _interphase_, ___, ___, ___, and ___" — so five items. If interphase is first, then the next four should be the mitotic phases. But mitosis has only four phases, so together with interphase, it's five stages often taught as the "cell cycle phases" in simplified models. So yes: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
6. interphase
7. S phase
8. DNA
9. Genetic diversity
10. chromosome
11. sister chromatids
12. 46
13. 23
14. prophase
15. telophase
16. prophase, metaphase, anaphase
For #11, the student's answer was completely off — they wrote a description of spindle fibers, but the question asks "what kind do chromosomes appear in mitosis?" — meaning, what form? Answer: as sister chromatids (before separation).
Also, for #9, "genetic diversity" is sufficient, but we can phrase it as a full sentence if needed — but since it's a blank, short answer is fine.
Now, compiling the final answer list as per the worksheet order.
Final Answer:
1. cell division
2. histones
3. interphase
4. chromosomes
5. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
6. interphase
7. S phase
8. DNA
9. Genetic diversity
10. chromosome
11. sister chromatids
12. 46
13. 23
14. prophase
15. telophase
16. prophase, metaphase, anaphase
---
1. The process by which a cell splits into two daughter cells is called _cell division_.
✔ Correct — that’s the basic definition.
---
2. DNA wraps itself around proteins called _histones_, which aid in the tight packing of DNA into chromosomes.
✔ Histones are the proteins DNA wraps around to form nucleosomes, helping pack DNA tightly.
---
3. Cells spend most of their time in what phase? _interphase_
✔ Yes — interphase is the longest part of the cell cycle, where the cell grows and copies its DNA.
---
4. During cell division, DNA _molecules_ are duplicated before cell division so that each new daughter cell has a complete set.
Actually, let’s think: It’s not “DNA molecules” — it’s more precise to say chromosomes or DNA strands. But looking at context, the blank probably expects “chromosomes” because we duplicate chromosomes (each made of DNA) before division.
Wait — actually, in many textbooks, they say:
> “During cell division, DNA is replicated...” but here the sentence says “DNA ___ are duplicated”.
So grammatically, it needs a plural noun. The best fit is chromosomes — because chromosomes contain DNA and are duplicated.
But wait — sometimes they say “DNA molecules” — but that’s less common. Let me check standard phrasing.
Actually, in many worksheets, this blank is filled with “chromosomes”.
BUT — looking at the student’s handwritten answer: they wrote “molecules”. That’s technically okay, but not the most accurate term in this context.
However, since this is a worksheet and we’re correcting/filling blanks, let’s use the standard expected answer.
Standard answer: chromosomes
Wait — no! Actually, DNA itself is duplicated — so perhaps “strands”? Or maybe the word is “copies”? Hmm.
Let me re-read:
“DNA ___ are duplicated”
The subject is “DNA”, so if we say “DNA molecules”, that works — because DNA exists as molecules.
In fact, in some curricula, they do say “DNA molecules are duplicated”.
Given that the student wrote “molecules”, and it’s acceptable, I’ll keep it — but note: better would be “chromosomes” if referring to structures, but DNA molecules is also correct.
Actually, let’s look ahead — question 5 lists phases of cell cycle including mitosis stages — so likely this is middle/high school level.
At that level, they often say: “DNA is copied” or “chromosomes are duplicated”.
But the sentence says “DNA ___ are duplicated” — so plural noun after DNA.
Best answer: molecules — because DNA is made of molecules, and they get duplicated.
I think “molecules” is fine here.
---
5. The 4 phases of the cell cycle include _interphase_, _prophase_, _metaphase_, _anaphase_, and _telophase_.
Wait — hold on! The cell cycle includes:
- Interphase (G1, S, G2)
- Mitotic phase (M phase): prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase + cytokinesis
But the question says “the 4 phases of the cell cycle” — that’s misleading.
Actually, the cell cycle has 4 main phases: G1, S, G2, M.
But then it lists 5 blanks: interphase, ___, ___, ___, and ___
And the student wrote: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase — which are the stages of MITOSIS, not the entire cell cycle.
This is a common confusion.
Let’s clarify:
- The cell cycle consists of:
- Interphase (which includes G1, S, G2)
- M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis)
Mitosis itself has 4 phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
So if the question says “the 4 phases of the cell cycle”, it might mean the 4 parts: G1, S, G2, M.
But the way it’s written: “include _interphase_, ___, ___, ___, and ___” — that’s 5 items.
That doesn’t make sense for 4 phases.
Perhaps it’s a typo, and it means “phases of mitosis”?
Looking at the student’s answer: they put interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase — which is wrong because interphase is NOT part of mitosis.
Correct structure:
If it’s asking for phases of the cell cycle, it should be: G1, S, G2, M — but those aren’t listed.
If it’s asking for phases of mitosis, it’s: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase — 4 phases.
But the blank starts with “interphase” already filled — so maybe the question is misworded.
Wait — perhaps it’s listing the major stages including interphase and then the 4 mitotic phases? But that would be 5 total.
Many teachers simplify and say the cell cycle has: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase — even though technically interphase is separate from mitosis.
Given that, and since the student wrote that, and it’s commonly taught that way at introductory levels, I’ll accept:
interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
But strictly speaking, interphase is not a phase of mitosis — it’s before mitosis.
However, for this worksheet, we’ll go with what’s expected.
---
6. The centrioles and centrosomes are produced and duplicated during _interphase_.
✔ Yes — specifically in the S phase of interphase, organelles like centrioles are duplicated.
---
7. During which step of interphase does the cell’s chromosomes replicate? _S phase_
✔ Correct — S stands for Synthesis, when DNA replication happens.
---
8. When a cell divides, each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell’s _DNA_.
✔ Yes — genetic material is DNA.
---
9. Explain one advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction.
Student wrote: “Genetic Diversity”
✔ Perfect — that’s the key advantage. Sexual reproduction mixes genes from two parents, leading to variation, which helps populations adapt.
---
10. During prophase, DNA coils up and becomes a visible _chromosome_.
✔ Yes — chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes.
---
11. The picture on the right shows a chromosome. What kind do chromosomes appear in mitosis? _sister chromatids_
Wait — the student wrote “Make spindle fibers to either side of the chromosomes apart during anaphase.” — that’s not answering the question.
The question is: “What kind do chromosomes appear in mitosis?”
Actually, during mitosis, chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids joined at the centromere — until anaphase when they separate.
So the answer should be: sister chromatids
Or perhaps “duplicated chromosomes” — but “sister chromatids” is precise.
The student’s answer is incorrect — they described function, not appearance.
Correct answer: sister chromatids
---
12. Normal humans have _46_ chromosomes.
✔ Yes — 23 pairs.
---
13. Human gametes have a total of _23_ chromosomes.
✔ Yes — haploid number.
---
14. During _prophase_, the nucleus begins to disappear.
✔ Yes — nuclear envelope breaks down in prophase.
---
15. During telophase, chromosomes return to chromatin.
✔ Yes — they decondense back into chromatin.
---
16. During which 3 phases are chromosomes visible? _prophase, metaphase, anaphase_
✔ Yes — they are visible from prophase through anaphase; in telophase they start to uncoil.
Some might include early telophase, but typically, visible during prophase, metaphase, anaphase.
Telophase — they are still somewhat visible but starting to fade.
Standard answer: prophase, metaphase, anaphase.
Student wrote: “prophase, metaphase, anaphase” — perfect.
---
Now, let’s compile all corrected answers:
1. cell division
2. histones
3. interphase
4. chromosomes *(better than "molecules" — though both could work, "chromosomes" is more accurate in context)*
→ Wait, let's double-check: In many sources, it says "DNA is replicated", but here it says "DNA ___ are duplicated". If we say "DNA molecules", it's acceptable. However, in educational contexts, they often expect "chromosomes" because that's what gets duplicated structurally. But DNA molecules is not wrong. Given the student wrote "molecules", and it's plausible, I'll note both but choose "chromosomes" as better. Actually, upon second thought — DNA is duplicated, meaning the molecule is copied. So "DNA molecules" is correct. I'll stick with "molecules" as per student, but mark it as acceptable.
→ Final decision: Since the question says "DNA ___ are duplicated", and DNA is composed of molecules, "molecules" is grammatically and scientifically acceptable. Keep it.
5. interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase *(even though interphase isn't part of mitosis, it's commonly grouped this way in intro bio)*
6. interphase
7. S phase
8. DNA
9. Genetic diversity (or any valid advantage like adaptation, evolution, etc.)
10. chromosome
11. sister chromatids *(student's answer was wrong — corrected)*
12. 46
13. 23
14. prophase
15. telophase
16. prophase, metaphase, anaphase
For question 4, I think "chromosomes" is better because when we say "duplicated", we usually refer to chromosomes being duplicated (each consisting of two chromatids). DNA molecules being duplicated is true, but in cell biology context, "chromosomes" is the term used for the duplicated structures.
Let me confirm with a reliable source mindset: In Campbell Biology, they say "chromosomes are duplicated during S phase".
So for accuracy, I'll change #4 to chromosomes.
Similarly, for #5, although interphase is not a phase of mitosis, the question might be poorly worded, and since it starts with "interphase" already filled, we'll list the next four as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase — implying the mitotic phases following interphase.
Okay, final answers:
1. cell division
2. histones
3. interphase
4. chromosomes
5. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase [since interphase is already given, the other four are the mitotic phases]
→ Wait, the blank is: "include _interphase_, ___, ___, ___, and ___" — so five items. If interphase is first, then the next four should be the mitotic phases. But mitosis has only four phases, so together with interphase, it's five stages often taught as the "cell cycle phases" in simplified models. So yes: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
6. interphase
7. S phase
8. DNA
9. Genetic diversity
10. chromosome
11. sister chromatids
12. 46
13. 23
14. prophase
15. telophase
16. prophase, metaphase, anaphase
For #11, the student's answer was completely off — they wrote a description of spindle fibers, but the question asks "what kind do chromosomes appear in mitosis?" — meaning, what form? Answer: as sister chromatids (before separation).
Also, for #9, "genetic diversity" is sufficient, but we can phrase it as a full sentence if needed — but since it's a blank, short answer is fine.
Now, compiling the final answer list as per the worksheet order.
Final Answer:
1. cell division
2. histones
3. interphase
4. chromosomes
5. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
6. interphase
7. S phase
8. DNA
9. Genetic diversity
10. chromosome
11. sister chromatids
12. 46
13. 23
14. prophase
15. telophase
16. prophase, metaphase, anaphase
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of dna review worksheet.
