Transcription and Translation Worksheet - Complete the diagrams showing DNA, mRNA, tRNA, and amino acid sequences.

Let's solve this step-by-step for both parts (a) and (b) of the Transcription and Translation worksheet.

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🔬 Key Concepts:

1. DNA Coding Strand: The strand that has the same sequence as mRNA (except T instead of U).
2. DNA Template Strand: Complementary to the coding strand and is used during transcription.
3. mRNA: Transcribed from the template strand; uses U (uracil) instead of T.
4. tRNA: Carries anticodons that pair with mRNA codons.
5. Amino Acids: Determined by mRNA codons using the genetic code.

We will:
- Find the template DNA strand (complementary to coding strand).
- Write the mRNA (complementary to template, with U instead of T).
- Determine tRNA anticodons (complementary to mRNA codons).
- Identify amino acids using the standard genetic code.

---

## ✔ Part (a)

Given:
DNA (coding): A T G G C T A A C C T T G T A

Step 1: DNA Template Strand

Complementary to coding strand:
- A ↔ T
- T ↔ A
- G ↔ C
- C ↔ G

So:
```
Coding: A T G G C T A A C C T T G T A
Template: T A C C G A T T G G A A C A T
```

Step 2: mRNA

mRNA is complementary to the template strand, and uses U instead of T:
```
Template: T A C C G A T T G G A A C A T
mRNA: A U G G C U A A C C U U G U A
```

> Note: mRNA is read in groups of three nucleotides (codons).

Step 3: tRNA Anticodons

Each tRNA has an anticodon that pairs with the mRNA codon (complementary base pairing):
- mRNA: A U G → tRNA: U A C
- mRNA: G C U → tRNA: C G A
- mRNA: A A C → tRNA: U U G
- mRNA: C U U → tRNA: G A A
- mRNA: G U A → tRNA: C A U

So:
```
tRNA: UAC CGA UUG GAA CAU
```

Step 4: Amino Acids

Use the genetic code table:

| mRNA Codon | Amino Acid |
|------------|------------|
| AUG | Methionine (Met) – Start codon |
| GCU | Alanine (Ala) |
| AAC | Asparagine (Asn) |
| CUU | Leucine (Leu) |
| GUA | Valine (Val) |

So amino acids:
Met - Ala - Asn - Leu - Val

---

✔ Final Answer for (a):

```
DNA (coding): A T G G C T A A C C T T G T A
DNA (template): T A C C G A T T G G A A C A T
mRNA: A U G G C U A A C C U U G U A
tRNA: U A C C G A U U G G A A C A U
amino acid: Met Ala Asn Leu Val
```

---

## ✔ Part (b)

Given:
DNA (coding): C A G G A T G A A T T G C T C

Step 1: DNA Template Strand

Complement of coding strand:
```
Coding: C A G G A T G A A T T G C T C
Template: G T C C T A C T T A A C G A G
```

Step 2: mRNA

Complementary to template, replace T with U:
```
Template: G T C C T A C T T A A C G A G
mRNA: C A G G A U G A A U U G C U C
```

Step 3: tRNA Anticodons

Complementary to mRNA:
- CAG → GUC
- GAU → CUA
- GAA → CUU
- UUG → AAC
- CUC → GAG

So:
```
tRNA: GUC CUA CUU AAC GAG
```

Step 4: Amino Acids

| mRNA Codon | Amino Acid |
|------------|------------|
| CAG | Glutamine (Gln) |
| GAU | Aspartic acid (Asp) |
| GAA | Glutamic acid (Glu) |
| UUG | Leucine (Leu) |
| CUC | Leucine (Leu) |

So amino acids:
Gln - Asp - Glu - Leu - Leu

---

✔ Final Answer for (b):

```
DNA (coding): C A G G A T G A A T T G C T C
DNA (template): G T C C T A C T T A A C G A G
mRNA: C A G G A U G A A U U G C U C
tRNA: G U C C U A C U U A A C G A G
amino acid: Gln Asp Glu Leu Leu
```

---

📌 Summary Table:

| Part | DNA Coding | mRNA | Amino Acids |
|------|------------|------|-------------|
| (a) | ATGGCTAACCTTGTA | AUGGCUAACCUUGUA | Met-Ala-Asn-Leu-Val |
| (b) | CAGGATGAATTGCTC | CAGGAUGAAUUGCUC | Gln-Asp-Glu-Leu-Leu |

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✔ All diagrams are now complete!

Let me know if you'd like a visual version or help with the genetic code chart!