Let’s solve each question step by step.
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Q.2: Label the central dogma of molecular biology
The central dogma shows how genetic information flows in cells:
1.
DNA → DNA = This is called
Replication. It happens when a cell copies its DNA before dividing.
- So, the arrow looping from DNA back to DNA should be labeled
Replication.
2.
DNA → RNA = This is called
Transcription. The cell makes an RNA copy of a gene from DNA.
- So, the arrow going from DNA to RNA (top black arrow) is
Transcription.
3.
RNA → Protein = This is called
Translation. The ribosome reads the RNA and builds a protein.
- So, the arrow from RNA to Protein is
Translation.
4. There’s also a red arrow going from RNA back to DNA — this is not part of the normal central dogma in most cells, but it happens in some viruses (like HIV). That process is called
Reverse Transcription.
- So, the red arrow from RNA to DNA is
Reverse Transcription.
Now let’s match the boxes:
- Left box (looping around DNA):
Replication
- Top middle box (DNA → RNA):
Transcription
- Bottom middle box (RNA → DNA, red arrow):
Reverse Transcription
- Right box (RNA → Protein):
Translation
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Q.3: Where does transcription take place in eukaryotic cells?
In eukaryotes (like human cells), DNA is kept inside the
nucleus. Transcription means making RNA from DNA — so it must happen where the DNA is: in the
nucleus.
Answer:
a) Nucleus
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Q.4: Where does translation take place in eukaryotic cells?
Translation is when the ribosome reads mRNA and builds a protein. Ribosomes are found in the
cytoplasm (and on the rough ER, which is still part of the cytoplasmic system). They are NOT in the nucleus.
So, translation happens in the
cytoplasm.
Answer:
c) Cytoplasm
*(Note: Option b says “Ribosome” — while ribosomes do the actual work, they are located in the cytoplasm. The question asks “where”, meaning location in the cell, so “Cytoplasm” is the correct answer.)*
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Final Answer:
Q.2 Labels (from left to right, top to bottom as shown in diagram):
- Left box: Replication
- Top middle box: Transcription
- Bottom middle box: Reverse Transcription
- Right box: Translation
Q.3: a) Nucleus
Q.4: c) Cytoplasm
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of dna transcription translation worksheet.
