This worksheet helps students review key concepts about enzymes, including their function as biological catalysts and how they are named.

Let's solve the "All About Enzymes Worksheet" step by step and explain each answer.

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1. Enzymes are _____________.

a) Proteins
✔ Correct Answer: a) Proteins

Explanation:
Enzymes are biological catalysts, and the vast majority of them are proteins made up of amino acids. While some RNA molecules (ribozymes) can also act as enzymes, in most biological contexts, especially in this worksheet, "enzymes" refer to proteins.

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2. Enzymes carry out ______________________ reactions by lowering the activation ____________. We would ___________ up and die without the internal presence of enzymes. They drive our internal ________________ allowing them to occur at a _____________ temperature. They speed up the rates of bodily reactions as ____________________. Defective enzymes often can be traced back to a defective ______________ on a chromosome.

Use the Word Bank:
Catalysts, Energy, Cooler, Gene, Burn, Physiological, Processes

Let’s fill in the blanks one by one:

- Enzymes carry out → catalysts
(Enzymes are catalysts – they speed up chemical reactions.)

- by lowering the activation → energy
(Activation energy is the energy needed to start a reaction; enzymes lower this barrier.)

- We would → burn
(Without enzymes, metabolic reactions would proceed too slowly or not at all, leading to buildup of waste and eventually "burning up" due to uncontrolled reactions — metaphorical but used in biology.)

- They drive our internal → processes
(Enzymes control many biochemical processes like digestion, respiration, etc.)

- allowing them to occur at a → physiological
(Body temperature is physiological — enzymes allow reactions to happen efficiently at normal body temp.)

- as → catalysts
(Reiterating their role: enzymes function as catalysts.)

- defective → gene
(Genes code for enzymes; if a gene is mutated, the enzyme may be defective.)

✔ Final Answer:
> Enzymes carry out catalysts reactions by lowering the activation energy. We would burn up and die without the internal presence of enzymes. They drive our internal processes allowing them to occur at a physiological temperature. They speed up the rates of bodily reactions as catalysts. Defective enzymes often can be traced back to a defective gene on a chromosome.

*(Note: The first blank says “carry out ______ reactions” — technically, enzymes catalyze reactions, so “catalysts” fits here as a noun describing what kind of reactions they carry out. It's a bit awkward grammatically, but based on word bank and context, it's acceptable.)*

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3. Fill-in-the-Blank section about enzyme nomenclature (naming)

We’ll use common enzyme naming conventions.

#### a. Lactase assists with the digestion of the disaccharide ____________.

✔ Lactose

Explanation:
Lactase breaks down lactose (milk sugar), a disaccharide, into glucose and galactose.

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#### b. ____________ breaks down lipids.

✔ Lipase

Explanation:
The suffix "-ase" means enzyme, and "lip-" refers to lipids. So, lipase breaks down fats/lipids.

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#### c) Hydrases add ____________ to a molecule without splitting it.

✔ Water

Explanation:
Hydrases catalyze the addition of water (hydration) to a molecule. They don't split the molecule apart; instead, they add H and OH across a bond.

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#### d) DNA helicase unzips and ____________ DNA for cell division.

✔ unwinds

Explanation:
DNA helicase breaks hydrogen bonds between base pairs, unwinding the double helix during replication.

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#### e) Phosphorylases add or remove ____________ groups from large molecules (i.e., ATP, ADP).

✔ Phosphate

Explanation:
Phosphorylases transfer phosphate groups. For example, glycogen phosphorylase adds phosphate to glucose during breakdown.

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#### f) Mutases and isomerases are ____________ that ____________ atoms within a molecule.

✔ First blank: isomerases
Second blank: rearrange

But let’s read carefully:

> Mutases and isomerases are ____________ that ____________ atoms within a molecule.

Wait — mutases *are* a type of isomerase. So both are isomerases, which rearrange atoms within a molecule.

So:

✔ isomerases / rearrange

Explanation:
Isomerases change the structure of a molecule by rearranging atoms (e.g., converting glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate). Mutases are a subclass that move functional groups within a molecule.

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#### g) Oxidases release energy for muscular ____________.

✔ contraction

Explanation:
Oxidases catalyze oxidation reactions, releasing energy (often stored in ATP). This ATP powers muscular contraction.

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✔ Final Answers for Section 3:

a. lactose
b. lipase
c. water
d. unwinds
e. phosphate
f. isomerases, rearrange
g. contraction

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📝 Summary of All Answers:

#### 1. a) Proteins
#### 2.
- catalysts
- energy
- burn
- processes
- physiological
- catalysts
- gene

#### 3.
a. lactose
b. lipase
c. water
d. unwinds
e. phosphate
f. isomerases, rearrange
g. contraction

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